verilator/src/V3AstNodes.cpp

// -*- mode: C++; c-file-style: "cc-mode" -*-
//*************************************************************************
// DESCRIPTION: Verilator: Ast node structures
//
// Code available from: https://verilator.org
//
//*************************************************************************
//
// Copyright 2003-2024 by Wilson Snyder. This program is free software; you
// can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU
// Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic License
// Version 2.0.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only OR Artistic-2.0
//
//*************************************************************************

#include "V3PchAstMT.h"

#include "V3EmitCBase.h"
#include "V3ExecGraph.h"
#include "V3File.h"
#include "V3Global.h"
#include "V3Graph.h"
#include "V3Hasher.h"
#include "V3String.h"

#include "V3Ast__gen_impl.h"  // Generated by 'astgen'
#include "V3Ast__gen_macros.h"  // Generated by 'astgen'

#include <iomanip>
#include <iterator>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

// Routines for dumping dict fields (NOTE: due to leading ',' they can't be used for first field in
// dict)
void AstNode::dumpJsonNum(std::ostream& os, const std::string& name, int64_t val) {
    os << ",\"" << name << "\":" << val;
}
void AstNode::dumpJsonBool(std::ostream& os, const std::string& name, bool val) {
    os << ",\"" << name << "\":" << (val ? "true" : "false");
}
void AstNode::dumpJsonStr(std::ostream& os, const std::string& name, const std::string& val) {
    os << ",\"" << name << "\":\"" << V3OutFormatter::quoteNameControls(val) << '"';
}
void AstNode::dumpJsonPtr(std::ostream& os, const std::string& name, const AstNode* const valp) {
    v3Global.saveJsonPtrFieldName(name);
    std::string addr = "UNLINKED";
    if (valp) addr = (v3Global.opt.jsonIds() ? v3Global.ptrToId(valp) : cvtToHex(valp));
    os << ",\"" << name << "\":\"" << addr << '"';
}

// Shorthands for dumping fields that use func name as key
#define dumpJsonNumFunc(os, func) dumpJsonNum(os, #func, func())
#define dumpJsonBoolFunc(os, func) dumpJsonBool(os, #func, func())
#define dumpJsonStrFunc(os, func) dumpJsonStr(os, #func, func())
#define dumpJsonPtrFunc(os, func) dumpJsonPtr(os, #func, func())

//======================================================================
// Special methods

// We need these here, because the classes they point to aren't defined when we declare the class
AstIface* AstIfaceRefDType::ifaceViaCellp() const {
    return ((m_cellp && m_cellp->modp()) ? VN_AS(m_cellp->modp(), Iface) : m_ifacep);
}

const char* AstNodeFTaskRef::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}

bool AstNodeFTaskRef::isPure() {
    if (!this->taskp()) {
        // The task isn't linked yet, so it's assumed that it is impure, but the value shouldn't be
        // cached.
        return false;
    } else {
        if (!m_purity.isCached()) {
            m_purity.set(true);  // To prevent infinite recursion, set to true before getting
                                 // the actual purity. If there are impure statements in the
                                 // task/function, they'll taint this call anyway.
            m_purity.set(this->getPurityRecurse());
        }
        return m_purity.get();
    }
}

bool AstNodeFTaskRef::getPurityRecurse() const {
    AstNodeFTask* const taskp = this->taskp();
    // Unlinked yet, so treat as impure
    if (!taskp) return false;

    // First compute the purity of arguments
    for (AstNode* pinp = this->pinsp(); pinp; pinp = pinp->nextp()) {
        if (!pinp->isPure()) return false;
    }

    return taskp->isPure();
}
bool AstNodeFTaskRef::isGateOptimizable() const { return m_taskp && m_taskp->isGateOptimizable(); }

int AstNodeSel::bitConst() const {
    const AstConst* const constp = VN_AS(bitp(), Const);
    return (constp ? constp->toSInt() : 0);
}

void AstNodeStmt::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNode::dump(str); }
void AstNodeStmt::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }

void AstNodeCCall::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (funcp()) {
        str << " " << funcp()->name() << " => ";
        funcp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " " << name();
    }
}
void AstNodeCCall::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    if (funcp()) dumpJsonStr(str, "funcName", funcp()->name());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
bool AstNodeCCall::isPure() { return funcp()->dpiPure(); }
bool AstNodeUniop::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(lhsp()->isPure());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodeUniop::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != lhsp()->isPure());
    return nullptr;
}
bool AstNodeBiop::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodeBiop::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}

bool AstNodeTriop::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodeTriop::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}

bool AstNodePreSel::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodePreSel::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}

bool AstNodeQuadop::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodeQuadop::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}

AstNodeCond::AstNodeCond(VNType t, FileLine* fl, AstNodeExpr* condp, AstNodeExpr* thenp,
                         AstNodeExpr* elsep)
    : AstNodeTriop{t, fl, condp, thenp, elsep} {
    UASSERT_OBJ(thenp, this, "No thenp expression");
    UASSERT_OBJ(elsep, this, "No elsep expression");
    if (thenp->isClassHandleValue() && elsep->isClassHandleValue()) {
        // Get the most-deriving class type that both arguments can be casted to.
        AstNodeDType* const commonClassTypep = getCommonClassTypep(thenp, elsep);
        UASSERT_OBJ(commonClassTypep, this, "No common base class exists");
        dtypep(commonClassTypep);
    } else {
        dtypeFrom(thenp);
    }
}
void AstNodeCond::numberOperate(V3Number& out, const V3Number& lhs, const V3Number& rhs,
                                const V3Number& ths) {
    if (lhs.isNeqZero()) {
        out.opAssign(rhs);
    } else {
        out.opAssign(ths);
    }
}

void AstBasicDType::init(VBasicDTypeKwd kwd, VSigning numer, int wantwidth, int wantwidthmin,
                         AstRange* rangep) {
    // wantwidth=0 means figure it out, but if a widthmin is >=0
    //    we allow width 0 so that {{0{x}},y} works properly
    // wantwidthmin=-1:  default, use wantwidth if it is non zero
    m.m_keyword = kwd;
    // Implicitness: // "parameter X" is implicit and sized from initial
    // value, "parameter reg x" not
    if (keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::LOGIC_IMPLICIT) {
        if (rangep || wantwidth) m.m_keyword = VBasicDTypeKwd::LOGIC;
    }
    if (numer == VSigning::NOSIGN) {
        if (keyword().isSigned()) {
            numer = VSigning::SIGNED;
        } else if (keyword().isUnsigned()) {
            numer = VSigning::UNSIGNED;
        }
    }
    numeric(numer);
    if (!rangep && (wantwidth || wantwidthmin >= 0)) {  // Constant width
        if (wantwidth > 1) m.m_nrange.init(wantwidth - 1, 0, false);
        const int wmin = wantwidthmin >= 0 ? wantwidthmin : wantwidth;
        widthForce(wantwidth, wmin);
    } else if (!rangep) {  // Set based on keyword properties
        // V3Width will pull from this width
        if (keyword().width() > 1 && !isOpaque()) {
            m.m_nrange.init(keyword().width() - 1, 0, false);
        }
        widthForce(keyword().width(), keyword().width());
    } else {
        widthForce(rangep->elementsConst(),
                   rangep->elementsConst());  // Maybe unknown if parameters underneath it
    }
    this->rangep(rangep);
    this->dtypep(this);
}

void AstBasicDType::cvtRangeConst() {
    if (rangep() && VN_IS(rangep()->leftp(), Const) && VN_IS(rangep()->rightp(), Const)) {
        m.m_nrange = VNumRange{rangep()->leftConst(), rangep()->rightConst()};
        rangep()->unlinkFrBackWithNext()->deleteTree();
        rangep(nullptr);
    }
}

int AstBasicDType::widthAlignBytes() const {
    if (width() <= 8) {
        return 1;
    } else if (width() <= 16) {
        return 2;
    } else if (isQuad()) {
        return 8;
    } else {
        return 4;
    }
}

int AstBasicDType::widthTotalBytes() const {
    if (width() <= 8) {
        return 1;
    } else if (width() <= 16) {
        return 2;
    } else if (isQuad()) {
        return 8;
    } else {
        return widthWords() * (VL_EDATASIZE / 8);
    }
}

bool AstBasicDType::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstBasicDType* const sp = VN_DBG_AS(samep, BasicDType);
    if (!(m == sp->m) || numeric() != sp->numeric()) return false;
    if (!rangep() && !sp->rangep()) return true;
    return rangep() && rangep()->sameTree(sp->rangep());
}

int AstNodeUOrStructDType::widthTotalBytes() const {
    if (width() <= 8) {
        return 1;
    } else if (width() <= 16) {
        return 2;
    } else if (isQuad()) {
        return 8;
    } else {
        return widthWords() * (VL_EDATASIZE / 8);
    }
}

int AstNodeUOrStructDType::widthAlignBytes() const {
    // Could do max across members but that would be slow,
    // instead intuit based on total structure size
    if (width() <= 8) {
        return 1;
    } else if (width() <= 16) {
        return 2;
    } else if (width() <= 32) {
        return 4;
    } else {
        return 8;
    }
}

AstNodeBiop* AstEq::newTyped(FileLine* fl, AstNodeExpr* lhsp, AstNodeExpr* rhsp) {
    if (lhsp->isString() && rhsp->isString()) {
        return new AstEqN{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    } else if (lhsp->isDouble() && rhsp->isDouble()) {
        return new AstEqD{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    } else {
        return new AstEq{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    }
}

AstNodeBiop* AstEqWild::newTyped(FileLine* fl, AstNodeExpr* lhsp, AstNodeExpr* rhsp) {
    if (lhsp->isString() && rhsp->isString()) {
        return new AstEqN{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    } else if (lhsp->isDouble() && rhsp->isDouble()) {
        return new AstEqD{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    } else {
        return new AstEqWild{fl, lhsp, rhsp};
    }
}

AstExecGraph::AstExecGraph(FileLine* fileline, const string& name) VL_MT_DISABLED
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_ExecGraph(fileline),
      m_depGraphp{new V3Graph},
      m_name{name} {}

AstExecGraph::~AstExecGraph() { VL_DO_DANGLING(delete m_depGraphp, m_depGraphp); }

AstNodeExpr* AstInsideRange::newAndFromInside(AstNodeExpr* exprp, AstNodeExpr* lhsp,
                                              AstNodeExpr* rhsp) {
    AstNodeExpr* const ap = new AstGte{fileline(), exprp->cloneTreePure(true), lhsp};
    AstNodeExpr* const bp = new AstLte{fileline(), exprp->cloneTreePure(true), rhsp};
    ap->fileline()->modifyWarnOff(V3ErrorCode::UNSIGNED, true);
    bp->fileline()->modifyWarnOff(V3ErrorCode::CMPCONST, true);
    return new AstLogAnd{fileline(), ap, bp};
}

AstVar* AstClocking::ensureEventp(bool childDType) {
    if (!eventp()) {
        AstVar* const evp
            = childDType ? new AstVar{fileline(), VVarType::MODULETEMP, m_name, VFlagChildDType{},
                                      new AstBasicDType{fileline(), VBasicDTypeKwd::EVENT}}
                         : new AstVar{fileline(), VVarType::MODULETEMP, m_name,
                                      findBasicDType(VBasicDTypeKwd::EVENT)};
        evp->lifetime(VLifetime::STATIC);
        eventp(evp);
        // Trigger the clocking event in Observed (IEEE 1800-2023 14.13)
        addNextHere(new AstAlwaysObserved{
            fileline(), new AstSenTree{fileline(), sensesp()->cloneTree(false)},
            new AstFireEvent{fileline(), new AstVarRef{fileline(), evp, VAccess::WRITE}, false}});
        v3Global.setHasEvents();
    }
    return eventp();
}

void AstConsDynArray::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (lhsIsValue()) str << " [LVAL]";
    if (rhsIsValue()) str << " [RVAL]";
}
void AstConsDynArray::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, lhsIsValue);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, rhsIsValue);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

void AstConsQueue::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (lhsIsValue()) str << " [LVAL]";
    if (rhsIsValue()) str << " [RVAL]";
}
void AstConsQueue::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, lhsIsValue);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, rhsIsValue);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

AstConst* AstConst::parseParamLiteral(FileLine* fl, const string& literal) {
    bool success = false;
    if (literal[0] == '"') {
        // This is a string
        const string v = literal.substr(1, literal.find('"', 1) - 1);
        return new AstConst{fl, AstConst::VerilogStringLiteral{}, v};
    } else if (literal.find_first_of(".eEpP") != string::npos) {
        // This may be a real
        const double v = VString::parseDouble(literal, &success);
        if (success) return new AstConst{fl, AstConst::RealDouble{}, v};
    }
    if (!success) {
        // This is either an integer or an error
        // We first try to convert it as C literal. If strtol returns
        // 0 this is either an error or 0 was parsed. But in any case
        // we will try to parse it as a verilog literal, hence having
        // the false negative for 0 is okay. If anything remains in
        // the string after the number, this is invalid C and we try
        // the Verilog literal parser.
        char* endp;
        const int v = strtol(literal.c_str(), &endp, 0);
        if ((v != 0) && (endp[0] == 0)) {  // C literal
            return new AstConst{fl, AstConst::Signed32{}, v};
        } else {  // Try a Verilog literal (fatals if not)
            return new AstConst{fl, AstConst::StringToParse{}, literal.c_str()};
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

string AstConstraintRef::name() const { return constrp()->name(); }

AstNetlist::AstNetlist()
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_Netlist(new FileLine{FileLine::builtInFilename()})
    , m_typeTablep{new AstTypeTable{fileline()}}
    , m_constPoolp{new AstConstPool{fileline()}} {
    addMiscsp(m_typeTablep);
    addMiscsp(m_constPoolp);
}

void AstNetlist::timeprecisionMerge(FileLine*, const VTimescale& value) {
    const VTimescale prec = v3Global.opt.timeComputePrec(value);
    if (prec.isNone() || prec == m_timeprecision) {
    } else if (m_timeprecision.isNone()) {
        m_timeprecision = prec;
    } else if (prec < m_timeprecision) {
        m_timeprecision = prec;
    }
}

bool AstVar::isSigPublic() const {
    return (m_sigPublic || (v3Global.opt.allPublic() && !isTemp() && !isGenVar()));
}
bool AstVar::isScQuad() const { return (isSc() && isQuad() && !isScBv() && !isScBigUint()); }
bool AstVar::isScBv() const {
    return ((isSc() && width() >= v3Global.opt.pinsBv()) || m_attrScBv);
}
bool AstVar::isScUint() const {
    return ((isSc() && v3Global.opt.pinsScUint() && width() >= 2 && width() <= 64) && !isScBv());
}
bool AstVar::isScUintBool() const {
    return (isSc() && v3Global.opt.pinsScUintBool() && width() == 1);
}
bool AstVar::isScBigUint() const {
    return ((isSc() && v3Global.opt.pinsScBigUint() && width() >= 65 && width() <= 512)
            && !isScBv());
}

void AstVar::combineType(VVarType type) {
    // These flags get combined with the existing settings of the flags.
    // We don't test varType for certain types, instead set flags since
    // when we combine wires cross-hierarchy we need a union of all characteristics.
    m_varType = type;
    // These flags get combined with the existing settings of the flags.
    if (type == VVarType::TRIWIRE || type == VVarType::TRI0 || type == VVarType::TRI1) {
        m_tristate = true;
    }
    if (type == VVarType::TRI0) m_isPulldown = true;
    if (type == VVarType::TRI1) m_isPullup = true;
}

string AstVar::verilogKwd() const {
    if (isIO()) {
        return direction().verilogKwd();
    } else if (isTristate()) {
        return "tri";
    } else if (varType() == VVarType::WIRE) {
        return "wire";
    } else if (varType() == VVarType::WREAL) {
        return "wreal";
    } else if (varType() == VVarType::IFACEREF) {
        return "ifaceref";
    } else if (dtypep()) {
        return dtypep()->name();
    } else {
        return "UNKNOWN";
    }
}

string AstVar::vlArgType(bool named, bool forReturn, bool forFunc, const string& namespc,
                         bool asRef) const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(!forReturn, this,
                "Internal data is never passed as return, but as first argument");
    string ostatic;
    if (isStatic() && namespc.empty()) ostatic = "static ";

    const bool isRef = isDpiOpenArray()
                       || (forFunc && (isWritable() || this->isRef() || this->isConstRef()))
                       || asRef;

    if (forFunc && isReadOnly() && isRef) ostatic = ostatic + "const ";

    string oname;
    if (named) {
        if (!namespc.empty()) oname += namespc + "::";
        oname += VIdProtect::protectIf(name(), protect());
    }
    return ostatic + dtypep()->cType(oname, forFunc, isRef);
}

string AstVar::vlEnumType() const {
    string arg;
    const AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = basicp();
    const bool strtype = bdtypep && bdtypep->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::STRING;
    if (bdtypep && bdtypep->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::CHARPTR) {
        return "VLVT_PTR";
    } else if (bdtypep && bdtypep->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::SCOPEPTR) {
        return "VLVT_PTR";
    } else if (strtype) {
        arg += "VLVT_STRING";
    } else if (isDouble()) {
        arg += "VLVT_REAL";
    } else if (widthMin() <= 8) {
        arg += "VLVT_UINT8";
    } else if (widthMin() <= 16) {
        arg += "VLVT_UINT16";
    } else if (widthMin() <= VL_IDATASIZE) {
        arg += "VLVT_UINT32";
    } else if (isQuad()) {
        arg += "VLVT_UINT64";
    } else if (isWide()) {
        arg += "VLVT_WDATA";
    }
    // else return "VLVT_UNKNOWN"
    return arg;
}

string AstVar::vlEnumDir() const {
    string out;
    if (isInoutish()) {
        out = "VLVD_INOUT";
    } else if (isWritable()) {
        out = "VLVD_OUT";
    } else if (isNonOutput()) {
        out = "VLVD_IN";
    } else {
        out = "VLVD_NODIR";
    }
    //
    if (isSigUserRWPublic()) {
        out += "|VLVF_PUB_RW";
    } else if (isSigUserRdPublic()) {
        out += "|VLVF_PUB_RD";
    }
    //
    if (const AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = basicp()) {
        if (bdtypep->keyword().isDpiCLayout()) out += "|VLVF_DPI_CLAY";
    }
    return out;
}

string AstVar::vlPropDecl(const string& propName) const {
    string out;

    std::vector<int> ulims;  // Unpacked dimension limits
    for (const AstNodeDType* dtp = dtypep(); dtp;) {
        dtp = dtp->skipRefp();  // Skip AstRefDType/AstTypedef, or return same node
        if (const AstNodeArrayDType* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtp, NodeArrayDType)) {
            ulims.push_back(adtypep->declRange().left());
            ulims.push_back(adtypep->declRange().right());
            dtp = adtypep->subDTypep();
        } else {
            break;  // AstBasicDType - nothing below
        }
    }

    if (!ulims.empty()) {
        out += "static const int " + propName + "__ulims[";
        out += cvtToStr(ulims.size());
        out += "] = {";
        auto it = ulims.cbegin();
        out += cvtToStr(*it);
        while (++it != ulims.cend()) {
            out += ", ";
            out += cvtToStr(*it);
        }
        out += "};\n";
    }

    out += "static const VerilatedVarProps ";
    out += propName;
    out += "(";
    out += vlEnumType();  // VLVT_UINT32 etc
    out += ", " + vlEnumDir();  // VLVD_IN etc
    if (const AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = basicp()) {
        out += ", VerilatedVarProps::Packed()";
        out += ", " + cvtToStr(bdtypep->left());
        out += ", " + cvtToStr(bdtypep->right());
    }

    if (!ulims.empty()) {
        out += ", VerilatedVarProps::Unpacked()";
        out += ", " + cvtToStr(ulims.size() / 2);
        out += ", " + propName + "__ulims";
    }

    out += ");\n";
    return out;
}

string AstVar::cPubArgType(bool named, bool forReturn) const {
    if (forReturn) named = false;
    string arg;
    if (isWide() && isReadOnly()) arg += "const ";
    const bool isRef = !forReturn && (isWritable() || this->isRef() || this->isConstRef());
    if (VN_IS(dtypeSkipRefp(), BasicDType) && !dtypeSkipRefp()->isDouble()
        && !dtypeSkipRefp()->isString()) {
        // Backward compatible type declaration
        if (widthMin() == 1) {
            arg += "bool";
        } else if (widthMin() <= VL_IDATASIZE) {
            arg += "uint32_t";
        } else if (widthMin() <= VL_QUADSIZE) {
            arg += "uint64_t";
        } else {
            arg += "uint32_t";  // []'s added later
        }
        if (isWide()) {
            if (forReturn) {
                v3warn(E_UNSUPPORTED, "Unsupported: Public functions with >64 bit outputs; "
                                      "make an output of a public task instead");
            }
            arg += " (& " + name();
            arg += ")[" + cvtToStr(widthWords()) + "]";
        } else {
            if (isRef) arg += "&";
            if (named) arg += " " + name();
        }
    } else {
        // Newer internal-compatible types
        arg += dtypep()->cType((named ? name() : std::string{}), true, isRef);
    }
    return arg;
}

class dpiTypesToStringConverter VL_NOT_FINAL {
public:
    virtual string openArray(const AstVar*) const { return "const svOpenArrayHandle"; }
    virtual string bitLogicVector(const AstVar* /*varp*/, bool isBit) const {
        return isBit ? "svBitVecVal" : "svLogicVecVal";
    }
    virtual string primitive(const AstVar* varp) const {
        string type;
        const VBasicDTypeKwd keyword = varp->basicp()->keyword();
        if (keyword.isDpiUnsignable() && !varp->basicp()->isSigned()) type = "unsigned ";
        type += keyword.dpiType();
        return type;
    }
    string convert(const AstVar* varp) const {
        if (varp->isDpiOpenArray()) {
            return openArray(varp);
        } else if (const AstBasicDType* const basicp = varp->basicp()) {
            if (basicp->isDpiBitVec() || basicp->isDpiLogicVec()) {
                return bitLogicVector(varp, basicp->isDpiBitVec());
            } else {
                return primitive(varp);
            }
        } else {
            return "UNKNOWN";
        }
    }
};

string AstVar::dpiArgType(bool named, bool forReturn) const {
    if (forReturn) {
        return dpiTypesToStringConverter{}.convert(this);
    } else {
        class converter final : public dpiTypesToStringConverter {
            string bitLogicVector(const AstVar* varp, bool isBit) const override {
                return string{varp->isReadOnly() ? "const " : ""}
                       + dpiTypesToStringConverter::bitLogicVector(varp, isBit) + '*';
            }
            string primitive(const AstVar* varp) const override {
                string type = dpiTypesToStringConverter::primitive(varp);
                if (varp->isWritable() || VN_IS(varp->dtypep()->skipRefp(), UnpackArrayDType)) {
                    if (!varp->isWritable() && varp->basicp()->keyword() != VBasicDTypeKwd::STRING)
                        type = "const " + type;
                    type += "*";
                }
                return type;
            }
        };
        string arg = converter{}.convert(this);
        if (named) arg += " " + name();
        return arg;
    }
}

string AstVar::dpiTmpVarType(const string& varName) const {
    class converter final : public dpiTypesToStringConverter {
        const string m_name;
        string arraySuffix(const AstVar* varp, size_t n) const {
            if (AstUnpackArrayDType* const unpackp
                = VN_CAST(varp->dtypep()->skipRefp(), UnpackArrayDType)) {
                // Convert multi dimensional unpacked array to 1D array
                if (n == 0) n = 1;
                n *= unpackp->arrayUnpackedElements();
                return '[' + cvtToStr(n) + ']';
            } else if (n > 0) {
                return '[' + cvtToStr(n) + ']';
            } else {
                return "";
            }
        }
        string openArray(const AstVar* varp) const override {
            return dpiTypesToStringConverter::openArray(varp) + ' ' + m_name
                   + arraySuffix(varp, 0);
        }
        string bitLogicVector(const AstVar* varp, bool isBit) const override {
            string type = dpiTypesToStringConverter::bitLogicVector(varp, isBit);
            type += ' ' + m_name + arraySuffix(varp, varp->widthWords());
            return type;
        }
        string primitive(const AstVar* varp) const override {
            string type = dpiTypesToStringConverter::primitive(varp);
            if (varp->isWritable() || VN_IS(varp->dtypep()->skipRefp(), UnpackArrayDType)) {
                if (!varp->isWritable() && varp->basicp()->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::CHANDLE)
                    type = "const " + type;
            }
            type += ' ' + m_name + arraySuffix(varp, 0);
            return type;
        }

    public:
        explicit converter(const string& name)
            : m_name(name) {}
    };
    return converter{varName}.convert(this);
}

string AstVar::scType() const {
    if (isScBigUint()) {
        return ("sc_dt::sc_biguint<"s + cvtToStr(widthMin())
                + "> ");  // Keep the space so don't get >>
    } else if (isScUint() || isScUintBool()) {
        return ("sc_dt::sc_uint<"s + cvtToStr(widthMin())
                + "> ");  // Keep the space so don't get >>
    } else if (isScBv()) {
        return ("sc_dt::sc_bv<"s + cvtToStr(widthMin()) + "> ");  // Keep the space so don't get >>
    } else if (widthMin() == 1) {
        return "bool";
    } else if (widthMin() <= VL_IDATASIZE) {
        if (widthMin() <= 8 && v3Global.opt.pinsUint8()) {
            return "uint8_t";
        } else if (widthMin() <= 16 && v3Global.opt.pinsUint8()) {
            return "uint16_t";
        } else {
            return "uint32_t";
        }
    } else {
        return "uint64_t";
    }
}

AstVar* AstVar::scVarRecurse(AstNode* nodep) {
    // See if this is a SC assignment; if so return that type
    // Historically sc variables are identified by a variable
    // attribute. TODO it would better be a data type attribute.
    if (AstVar* const anodep = VN_CAST(nodep, Var)) {
        if (anodep->isSc()) {
            return anodep;
        } else {
            return nullptr;
        }
    } else if (AstVarRef* const vrefp = VN_CAST(nodep, VarRef)) {
        if (vrefp->varp()->isSc()) {
            return vrefp->varp();
        } else {
            return nullptr;
        }
    } else if (AstArraySel* const arraySelp = VN_CAST(nodep, ArraySel)) {
        if (AstVar* const p = scVarRecurse(arraySelp->fromp())) return p;
        if (AstVar* const p = scVarRecurse(arraySelp->bitp())) return p;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

bool AstNodeDType::isFourstate() const { return basicp() && basicp()->isFourstate(); }

class AstNodeDType::CTypeRecursed final {
public:
    string m_type;  // The base type, e.g.: "Foo_t"s
    string m_dims;  // Array dimensions, e.g.: "[3][2][1]"
    string render(const string& name, bool isRef) const VL_MT_SAFE {
        string out;
        out += m_type;
        if (!name.empty()) out += " ";
        if (isRef) {
            if (!m_dims.empty()) out += "(";
            out += "&";
            out += name;
            if (!m_dims.empty()) out += ")";
        } else {
            out += name;
        }
        out += m_dims;
        return out;
    }
};

string AstNodeDType::cType(const string& name, bool /*forFunc*/, bool isRef, bool packed) const {
    const CTypeRecursed info = cTypeRecurse(false, packed);
    return info.render(name, isRef);
}

AstNodeDType::CTypeRecursed AstNodeDType::cTypeRecurse(bool compound, bool packed) const {
    // Legacy compound argument currently just passed through and unused
    CTypeRecursed info;

    const AstNodeDType* const dtypep = this->skipRefp();
    if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, AssocArrayDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        const CTypeRecursed key = adtypep->keyDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        const CTypeRecursed val = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        info.m_type = "VlAssocArray<" + key.m_type + ", " + val.m_type + ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, CDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        info.m_type = adtypep->name();
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, WildcardArrayDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        info.m_type = "VlAssocArray<std::string, " + sub.m_type + ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, DynArrayDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        info.m_type = "VlQueue<" + sub.m_type + ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, QueueDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        info.m_type = "VlQueue<" + sub.m_type;
        // + 1 below as VlQueue uses 0 to mean unlimited, 1 to mean size() max is 1
        if (adtypep->boundp()) info.m_type += ", " + cvtToStr(adtypep->boundConst() + 1);
        info.m_type += ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, SampleQueueDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(true, false);
        info.m_type = "VlSampleQueue<" + sub.m_type + ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, ClassRefDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        info.m_type = "VlClassRef<" + EmitCBase::prefixNameProtect(adtypep) + ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, IfaceRefDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        info.m_type = EmitCBase::prefixNameProtect(adtypep->ifaceViaCellp()) + "*";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, UnpackArrayDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        if (adtypep->isCompound()) compound = true;
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(compound, false);
        info.m_type = "VlUnpacked<" + sub.m_type;
        info.m_type += ", " + cvtToStr(adtypep->declRange().elements());
        info.m_type += ">";
    } else if (const auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, NBACommitQueueDType)) {
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        compound = true;
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(compound, false);
        AstNodeDType* eDTypep = adtypep->subDTypep();
        unsigned rank = 0;
        while (AstUnpackArrayDType* const uaDTypep = VN_CAST(eDTypep, UnpackArrayDType)) {
            eDTypep = uaDTypep->subDTypep()->skipRefp();
            ++rank;
        }
        info.m_type = "VlNBACommitQueue<";
        info.m_type += sub.m_type;
        info.m_type += adtypep->partial() ? ", true" : ", false";
        info.m_type += ", " + eDTypep->cTypeRecurse(compound, false).m_type;
        info.m_type += ", " + std::to_string(rank);
        info.m_type += ">";
    } else if (packed && (VN_IS(dtypep, PackArrayDType))) {
        const AstPackArrayDType* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, PackArrayDType);
        const CTypeRecursed sub = adtypep->subDTypep()->cTypeRecurse(false, true);
        info.m_type = std::move(sub.m_type);
        info.m_dims = "[" + cvtToStr(adtypep->elementsConst()) + "]" + sub.m_dims;
    } else if (VN_IS(dtypep, NodeUOrStructDType)
               && (!VN_AS(dtypep, NodeUOrStructDType)->packed() || packed)) {
        const AstNodeUOrStructDType* const sdtypep = VN_AS(dtypep, NodeUOrStructDType);
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed || sdtypep->packed(), this,
                    "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
        info.m_type = EmitCBase::prefixNameProtect(sdtypep);
    } else if (const AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = dtypep->basicp()) {
        // We don't print msb()/lsb() as multidim packed would require recursion,
        // and may confuse users as C++ data is stored always with bit 0 used
        const string bitvec = (!bdtypep->isOpaque() && !v3Global.opt.protectIds())
                                  ? "/*" + cvtToStr(dtypep->width() - 1) + ":0*/"
                                  : "";
        if (bdtypep->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::CHARPTR) {
            info.m_type = "const char*";
        } else if (bdtypep->keyword() == VBasicDTypeKwd::SCOPEPTR) {
            info.m_type = "const VerilatedScope*";
        } else if (bdtypep->keyword().isDouble()) {
            info.m_type = "double";
        } else if (bdtypep->keyword().isString()) {
            info.m_type = "std::string";
        } else if (bdtypep->keyword().isMTaskState()) {
            info.m_type = "VlMTaskVertex";
        } else if (bdtypep->isTriggerVec()) {
            info.m_type = "VlTriggerVec<" + cvtToStr(dtypep->width()) + ">";
        } else if (bdtypep->isDelayScheduler()) {
            info.m_type = "VlDelayScheduler";
        } else if (bdtypep->isTriggerScheduler()) {
            info.m_type = "VlTriggerScheduler";
        } else if (bdtypep->isDynamicTriggerScheduler()) {
            info.m_type = "VlDynamicTriggerScheduler";
        } else if (bdtypep->isForkSync()) {
            info.m_type = "VlForkSync";
        } else if (bdtypep->isProcessRef()) {
            info.m_type = "VlProcessRef";
        } else if (bdtypep->isRandomGenerator()) {
            info.m_type = "VlRandomizer";
        } else if (bdtypep->isEvent()) {
            info.m_type = v3Global.assignsEvents() ? "VlAssignableEvent" : "VlEvent";
        } else if (dtypep->widthMin() <= 8) {  // Handle unpacked arrays; not bdtypep->width
            info.m_type = "CData" + bitvec;
        } else if (dtypep->widthMin() <= 16) {
            info.m_type = "SData" + bitvec;
        } else if (dtypep->widthMin() <= VL_IDATASIZE) {
            info.m_type = "IData" + bitvec;
        } else if (dtypep->isQuad()) {
            info.m_type = "QData" + bitvec;
        } else if (dtypep->isWide()) {
            info.m_type = "VlWide<" + cvtToStr(dtypep->widthWords()) + ">" + bitvec;
        }
        // CData, SData, IData, QData or VlWide are packed type.
        const bool packedType = VString::startsWith(info.m_type, "CData")
                                || VString::startsWith(info.m_type, "SData")
                                || VString::startsWith(info.m_type, "IData")
                                || VString::startsWith(info.m_type, "QData")
                                || VString::startsWith(info.m_type, "VlWide");
        UASSERT_OBJ(!packed || packedType, this, "Unsupported type for packed struct or union");
    } else {
        v3fatalSrc("Unknown data type in var type emitter: " << dtypep->prettyName());
    }

    UASSERT_OBJ(!compound || info.m_dims.empty(), this, "Declaring C array inside compound type");

    return info;
}

uint32_t AstNodeDType::arrayUnpackedElements() {
    uint32_t entries = 1;
    for (AstNodeDType* dtypep = this; dtypep;) {
        dtypep = dtypep->skipRefp();  // Skip AstRefDType/AstTypedef, or return same node
        if (AstUnpackArrayDType* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, UnpackArrayDType)) {
            entries *= adtypep->elementsConst();
            dtypep = adtypep->subDTypep();
        } else {
            // AstBasicDType - nothing below, 1
            break;
        }
    }
    return entries;
}

std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> AstNodeDType::dimensions(bool includeBasic) {
    // How many array dimensions (packed,unpacked) does this Var have?
    uint32_t packed = 0;
    uint32_t unpacked = 0;
    for (AstNodeDType* dtypep = this; dtypep;) {
        dtypep = dtypep->skipRefp();  // Skip AstRefDType/AstTypedef, or return same node
        if (const AstNodeArrayDType* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, NodeArrayDType)) {
            if (VN_IS(adtypep, PackArrayDType)) {
                ++packed;
            } else {
                ++unpacked;
            }
            dtypep = adtypep->subDTypep();
            continue;
        } else if (VN_IS(dtypep, QueueDType) || VN_IS(dtypep, DynArrayDType)
                   || VN_IS(dtypep, AssocArrayDType) || VN_IS(dtypep, WildcardArrayDType)) {
            unpacked++;
            dtypep = dtypep->subDTypep();
            continue;
        } else if (const AstBasicDType* const adtypep = VN_CAST(dtypep, BasicDType)) {
            if (includeBasic && (adtypep->isRanged() || adtypep->isString())) packed++;
        } else if (VN_IS(dtypep, StructDType)) {
            packed++;
        }
        break;
    }
    return std::make_pair(packed, unpacked);
}

int AstNodeDType::widthPow2() const {
    // I.e.  width 30 returns 32, width 32 returns 32.
    const uint32_t width = this->width();
    for (int p2 = 30; p2 >= 0; p2--) {
        if (width > (1UL << p2)) return (1UL << (p2 + 1));
    }
    return 1;
}

bool AstNodeDType::isLiteralType() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    if (const auto* const dtypep = VN_CAST(skipRefp(), BasicDType)) {
        return dtypep->keyword().isLiteralType();
    } else if (const auto* const dtypep = VN_CAST(skipRefp(), UnpackArrayDType)) {
        return dtypep->basicp()->isLiteralType();
    } else if (const auto* const dtypep = VN_CAST(skipRefp(), StructDType)) {
        // Currently all structs are packed, later this can be expanded to
        // 'forall members _.isLiteralType()'
        return dtypep->packed();
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/// What is the base variable (or const) this dereferences?
AstNode* AstArraySel::baseFromp(AstNode* nodep, bool overMembers) {
    // Else AstArraySel etc; search for the base
    while (nodep) {
        if (VN_IS(nodep, ArraySel)) {
            nodep = VN_AS(nodep, ArraySel)->fromp();
            continue;
        } else if (VN_IS(nodep, Sel)) {
            nodep = VN_AS(nodep, Sel)->fromp();
            continue;
        } else if (overMembers && VN_IS(nodep, MemberSel)) {
            nodep = VN_AS(nodep, MemberSel)->fromp();
            continue;
        }
        // AstNodePreSel stashes the associated variable under an ATTROF
        // of VAttrType::VAR_BASE so it isn't constified
        else if (VN_IS(nodep, AttrOf)) {
            nodep = VN_AS(nodep, AttrOf)->fromp();
            continue;
        } else if (VN_IS(nodep, NodePreSel)) {
            if (VN_AS(nodep, NodePreSel)->attrp()) {
                nodep = VN_AS(nodep, NodePreSel)->attrp();
            } else {
                nodep = VN_AS(nodep, NodePreSel)->fromp();
            }
            continue;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    return nodep;
}

const char* AstJumpBlock::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(!labelp()->brokeExistsBelow());
    return nullptr;
}
bool AstJumpBlock::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
bool AstJumpBlock::getPurityRecurse() const {
    for (AstNode* stmtp = this->stmtsp(); stmtp; stmtp = stmtp->nextp()) {
        if (!stmtp->isPure()) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

string AstScope::nameDotless() const {
    string result = shortName();
    string::size_type pos;
    while ((pos = result.find('.')) != string::npos) result.replace(pos, 1, "__");
    return result;
}

AstVarScope* AstScope::createTemp(const string& name, unsigned width) {
    FileLine* const flp = fileline();
    AstVar* const varp
        = new AstVar{flp, VVarType::MODULETEMP, name, VFlagBitPacked{}, static_cast<int>(width)};
    modp()->addStmtsp(varp);
    AstVarScope* const vscp = new AstVarScope{flp, this, varp};
    addVarsp(vscp);
    return vscp;
}

AstVarScope* AstScope::createTemp(const string& name, AstNodeDType* dtypep) {
    FileLine* const flp = fileline();
    AstVar* const varp = new AstVar{flp, VVarType::MODULETEMP, name, dtypep};
    modp()->addStmtsp(varp);
    AstVarScope* const vscp = new AstVarScope{flp, this, varp};
    addVarsp(vscp);
    return vscp;
}

AstVarScope* AstScope::createTempLike(const string& name, AstVarScope* vscp) {
    return createTemp(name, vscp->dtypep());
}

string AstScopeName::scopePrettyNameFormatter(AstText* scopeTextp) const {
    string out;
    for (AstText* textp = scopeTextp; textp; textp = VN_AS(textp->nextp(), Text)) {
        out += textp->text();
    }
    // TOP will be replaced by top->name()
    if (out.substr(0, 10) == "__DOT__TOP") out.replace(0, 10, "");
    if (out.substr(0, 7) == "__DOT__") out.replace(0, 7, "");
    if (out.substr(0, 1) == ".") out.replace(0, 1, "");
    return AstNode::prettyName(out);
}
string AstScopeName::scopeNameFormatter(AstText* scopeTextp) const {
    string out;
    for (AstText* textp = scopeTextp; textp; textp = VN_AS(textp->nextp(), Text)) {
        out += textp->text();
    }
    if (out.substr(0, 10) == "__DOT__TOP") out.replace(0, 10, "");
    if (out.substr(0, 7) == "__DOT__") out.replace(0, 7, "");
    if (out.substr(0, 1) == ".") out.replace(0, 1, "");
    string::size_type pos;
    while ((pos = out.find('.')) != string::npos) out.replace(pos, 1, "__");
    while ((pos = out.find("__DOT__")) != string::npos) out.replace(pos, 7, "__");
    return out;
}

bool AstSenTree::hasClocked() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isClocked()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool AstSenTree::hasStatic() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isStatic()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool AstSenTree::hasInitial() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isInitial()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool AstSenTree::hasFinal() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isFinal()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool AstSenTree::hasCombo() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isCombo()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool AstSenTree::hasHybrid() const {
    UASSERT_OBJ(sensesp(), this, "SENTREE without any SENITEMs under it");
    for (AstSenItem* senp = sensesp(); senp; senp = VN_AS(senp->nextp(), SenItem)) {
        if (senp->isHybrid()) return true;
    }
    return false;
}

AstTypeTable::AstTypeTable(FileLine* fl)
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_TypeTable(fl) {
    for (int i = 0; i < VBasicDTypeKwd::_ENUM_MAX; ++i) m_basicps[i] = nullptr;
}

void AstTypeTable::clearCache() {
    // When we mass-change widthMin in V3WidthCommit, we need to correct the table.
    // Just clear out the maps; the search functions will be used to rebuild the map
    for (auto& itr : m_basicps) itr = nullptr;
    m_detailedMap.clear();
    // Clear generic()'s so dead detection will work
    for (AstNode* nodep = typesp(); nodep; nodep = nodep->nextp()) {
        if (AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = VN_CAST(nodep, BasicDType)) bdtypep->generic(false);
    }
}

void AstTypeTable::repairCache() {
    // After we mass-change widthMin in V3WidthCommit, we need to correct the table.
    clearCache();
    for (AstNode* nodep = typesp(); nodep; nodep = nodep->nextp()) {
        if (AstBasicDType* const bdtypep = VN_CAST(nodep, BasicDType)) {
            (void)findInsertSameDType(bdtypep);
        }
    }
}

AstConstraintRefDType* AstTypeTable::findConstraintRefDType(FileLine* fl) {
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_constraintRefp)) {
        AstConstraintRefDType* const newp = new AstConstraintRefDType{fl};
        addTypesp(newp);
        m_constraintRefp = newp;
    }
    return m_constraintRefp;
}
AstEmptyQueueDType* AstTypeTable::findEmptyQueueDType(FileLine* fl) {
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_emptyQueuep)) {
        AstEmptyQueueDType* const newp = new AstEmptyQueueDType{fl};
        addTypesp(newp);
        m_emptyQueuep = newp;
    }
    return m_emptyQueuep;
}
AstStreamDType* AstTypeTable::findStreamDType(FileLine* fl) {
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_streamp)) {
        AstStreamDType* const newp = new AstStreamDType{fl};
        addTypesp(newp);
        m_streamp = newp;
    }
    return m_streamp;
}
AstQueueDType* AstTypeTable::findQueueIndexDType(FileLine* fl) {
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_queueIndexp)) {
        AstQueueDType* const newp = new AstQueueDType{fl, AstNode::findUInt32DType(), nullptr};
        addTypesp(newp);
        m_queueIndexp = newp;
    }
    return m_queueIndexp;
}
AstVoidDType* AstTypeTable::findVoidDType(FileLine* fl) {
    if (VL_UNLIKELY(!m_voidp)) {
        AstVoidDType* const newp = new AstVoidDType{fl};
        addTypesp(newp);
        m_voidp = newp;
    }
    return m_voidp;
}

AstBasicDType* AstTypeTable::findBasicDType(FileLine* fl, VBasicDTypeKwd kwd) {
    if (m_basicps[kwd]) return m_basicps[kwd];
    //
    AstBasicDType* const new1p = new AstBasicDType{fl, kwd};
    // Because the detailed map doesn't update this map,
    // check the detailed map for this same node
    // Also adds this new node to the detailed map
    AstBasicDType* const newp = findInsertSameDType(new1p);
    if (newp != new1p) {
        VL_DO_DANGLING(new1p->deleteTree(), new1p);
    } else {
        addTypesp(newp);
    }
    //
    m_basicps[kwd] = newp;
    return newp;
}

AstBasicDType* AstTypeTable::findLogicBitDType(FileLine* fl, VBasicDTypeKwd kwd, int width,
                                               int widthMin, VSigning numeric) {
    AstBasicDType* const new1p = new AstBasicDType{fl, kwd, numeric, width, widthMin};
    AstBasicDType* const newp = findInsertSameDType(new1p);
    if (newp != new1p) {
        VL_DO_DANGLING(new1p->deleteTree(), new1p);
    } else {
        addTypesp(newp);
    }
    return newp;
}

AstBasicDType* AstTypeTable::findLogicBitDType(FileLine* fl, VBasicDTypeKwd kwd,
                                               const VNumRange& range, int widthMin,
                                               VSigning numeric) {
    AstBasicDType* const new1p = new AstBasicDType{fl, kwd, numeric, range, widthMin};
    AstBasicDType* const newp = findInsertSameDType(new1p);
    if (newp != new1p) {
        VL_DO_DANGLING(new1p->deleteTree(), new1p);
    } else {
        addTypesp(newp);
    }
    return newp;
}

AstBasicDType* AstTypeTable::findInsertSameDType(AstBasicDType* nodep) {
    const VBasicTypeKey key{nodep->width(), nodep->widthMin(), nodep->numeric(), nodep->keyword(),
                            nodep->nrange()};
    auto pair = m_detailedMap.emplace(key, nodep);
    if (pair.second) nodep->generic(true);
    // No addTypesp; the upper function that called new() is responsible for adding
    return pair.first->second;
}

AstConstPool::AstConstPool(FileLine* fl)
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_ConstPool(fl)
    , m_modp{new AstModule{fl, "@CONST-POOL@"}}
    , m_scopep{new AstScope{fl, m_modp, "@CONST-POOL@", nullptr, nullptr}} {
    this->modulep(m_modp);
    m_modp->addStmtsp(m_scopep);
}

AstVarScope* AstConstPool::createNewEntry(const string& name, AstNodeExpr* initp) {
    FileLine* const fl = initp->fileline();
    AstVar* const varp = new AstVar{fl, VVarType::MODULETEMP, name, initp->dtypep()};
    varp->isConst(true);
    varp->isStatic(true);
    varp->valuep(initp->cloneTree(false));
    m_modp->addStmtsp(varp);
    AstVarScope* const varScopep = new AstVarScope{fl, m_scopep, varp};
    m_scopep->addVarsp(varScopep);
    return varScopep;
}

static bool sameInit(const AstInitArray* ap, const AstInitArray* bp) {
    // Unpacked array initializers must have equivalent values
    // Note, sadly we can't just call ap->sameTree(pb), because both:
    // - the dtypes might be different instances
    // - the default/inititem children might be in different order yet still yield the same table
    // See note in AstInitArray::same about the same. This function instead compares by initializer
    // value, rather than by tree structure.
    if (const AstAssocArrayDType* const aDTypep = VN_CAST(ap->dtypep(), AssocArrayDType)) {
        const AstAssocArrayDType* const bDTypep = VN_CAST(bp->dtypep(), AssocArrayDType);
        if (!bDTypep) return false;
        if (!aDTypep->subDTypep()->sameTree(bDTypep->subDTypep())) return false;
        if (!aDTypep->keyDTypep()->sameTree(bDTypep->keyDTypep())) return false;
        UASSERT_OBJ(ap->defaultp(), ap, "Assoc InitArray should have a default");
        UASSERT_OBJ(bp->defaultp(), bp, "Assoc InitArray should have a default");
        if (!ap->defaultp()->sameTree(bp->defaultp())) return false;
        // Compare initializer arrays by value. Note this is only called when they hash the same,
        // so they likely run at most once per call to 'AstConstPool::findTable'.
        // This assumes that the defaults are used in the same way.
        // TODO when building the AstInitArray, remove any values matching the default
        const auto& amapr = ap->map();
        const auto& bmapr = bp->map();
        const auto ait = amapr.cbegin();
        const auto bit = bmapr.cbegin();
        while (ait != amapr.cend() || bit != bmapr.cend()) {
            if (ait == amapr.cend() || bit == bmapr.cend()) return false;  // Different size
            if (ait->first != bit->first) return false;  // Different key
            if (ait->second->sameTree(bit->second)) return false;  // Different value
        }
    } else if (const AstUnpackArrayDType* const aDTypep
               = VN_CAST(ap->dtypep(), UnpackArrayDType)) {
        const AstUnpackArrayDType* const bDTypep = VN_CAST(bp->dtypep(), UnpackArrayDType);
        if (!bDTypep) return false;
        if (!aDTypep->subDTypep()->sameTree(bDTypep->subDTypep())) return false;
        if (!aDTypep->rangep()->sameTree(bDTypep->rangep())) return false;
        // Compare initializer arrays by value. Note this is only called when they hash the same,
        // so they likely run at most once per call to 'AstConstPool::findTable'.
        const uint64_t size = aDTypep->elementsConst();
        for (uint64_t n = 0; n < size; ++n) {
            const AstNode* const valAp = ap->getIndexDefaultedValuep(n);
            const AstNode* const valBp = bp->getIndexDefaultedValuep(n);
            if (!valAp->sameTree(valBp)) return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

AstVarScope* AstConstPool::findTable(AstInitArray* initp) {
    const AstNode* const defaultp = initp->defaultp();
    // Verify initializer is well formed
    UASSERT_OBJ(VN_IS(initp->dtypep(), AssocArrayDType)
                    || VN_IS(initp->dtypep(), UnpackArrayDType),
                initp, "Const pool table must have array dtype");
    UASSERT_OBJ(!defaultp || VN_IS(defaultp, Const), initp,
                "Const pool table default must be Const");
    for (AstNode* nodep = initp->initsp(); nodep; nodep = nodep->nextp()) {
        const AstNode* const valuep = VN_AS(nodep, InitItem)->valuep();
        UASSERT_OBJ(VN_IS(valuep, Const), valuep, "Const pool table entry must be Const");
    }
    // Try to find an existing table with the same content
    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress unreadVariable
    const V3Hash hash = V3Hasher::uncachedHash(initp);
    const auto& er = m_tables.equal_range(hash.value());
    for (auto it = er.first; it != er.second; ++it) {
        AstVarScope* const varScopep = it->second;
        const AstInitArray* const init2p = VN_AS(varScopep->varp()->valuep(), InitArray);
        if (sameInit(initp, init2p)) {
            return varScopep;  // Found identical table
        }
    }
    // No such table yet, create it.
    string name = "TABLE_";
    name += hash.toString();
    name += "_";
    name += cvtToStr(std::distance(er.first, er.second));
    AstVarScope* const varScopep = createNewEntry(name, initp);
    m_tables.emplace(hash.value(), varScopep);
    return varScopep;
}

static bool sameInit(const AstConst* ap, const AstConst* bp) {
    // Similarly to the AstInitArray comparison, we ignore the dtype instance, so long as they
    // are compatible. For now, we assume the dtype is not relevant, as we only call this from
    // V3Prelim which is a late pass.
    // Compare initializers by value. This checks widths as well.
    return ap->num().isCaseEq(bp->num());
}

AstVarScope* AstConstPool::findConst(AstConst* initp, bool mergeDType) {
    // Try to find an existing constant with the same value
    // cppcheck-has-bug-suppress unreadVariable
    const V3Hash hash = initp->num().toHash();
    const auto& er = m_consts.equal_range(hash.value());
    for (auto it = er.first; it != er.second; ++it) {
        AstVarScope* const varScopep = it->second;
        const AstConst* const init2p = VN_AS(varScopep->varp()->valuep(), Const);
        if (sameInit(initp, init2p)
            && (mergeDType || varScopep->dtypep()->sameTree(initp->dtypep()))) {
            return varScopep;  // Found identical constant
        }
    }
    // No such constant yet, create it.
    string name = "CONST_";
    name += hash.toString();
    name += "_";
    name += cvtToStr(std::distance(er.first, er.second));
    AstVarScope* const varScopep = createNewEntry(name, initp);
    m_consts.emplace(hash.value(), varScopep);
    return varScopep;
}

//======================================================================
// Special walking tree inserters

void AstNode::addNextStmt(AstNode* newp, AstNode*) {
    UASSERT_OBJ(backp(), newp, "Can't find current statement to addNextStmt");
    // Look up; virtual call will find where to put it
    this->backp()->addNextStmt(newp, this);
}

void AstNodeStmt::addNextStmt(AstNode* newp, AstNode*) {
    // Insert newp after current node
    this->addNextHere(newp);
}

void AstWhile::addNextStmt(AstNode* newp, AstNode* belowp) {
    // Special, as statements need to be put in different places
    // Belowp is how we came to recurse up to this point
    // Preconditions insert first just before themselves (the normal rule
    // for other statement types)
    if (belowp == precondsp()) {
        // Next in precond list
        belowp->addNextHere(newp);
    } else if (belowp == condp()) {
        // Becomes first statement in body, body may have been empty
        if (stmtsp()) {
            stmtsp()->addHereThisAsNext(newp);
        } else {
            addStmtsp(newp);
        }
    } else if (belowp == stmtsp()) {
        // Next statement in body
        belowp->addNextHere(newp);
    } else {
        belowp->v3fatalSrc("Doesn't look like this was really under the while");
    }
}

//======================================================================
// Per-type Debugging

void AstNode::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    str << typeName() << " " << nodeAddr(this)
#ifdef VL_DEBUG
        << " <e" << std::dec << editCount() << ((editCount() >= editCountLast()) ? "#>" : ">")
#endif
        << " {" << fileline()->filenameLetters() << std::dec << fileline()->lastLineno()
        << fileline()->firstColumnLetters() << "}";
    if (user1p()) str << " u1=" << nodeAddr(user1p());
    if (user2p()) str << " u2=" << nodeAddr(user2p());
    if (user3p()) str << " u3=" << nodeAddr(user3p());
    if (user4p()) str << " u4=" << nodeAddr(user4p());
    if (hasDType()) {
        // Final @ so less likely to by accident read it as a nodep
        if (dtypep() == this) {
            str << " @dt=this@";
        } else {
            str << " @dt=" << nodeAddr(dtypep()) << "@";
        }
        if (AstNodeDType* const dtp = dtypep()) dtp->dumpSmall(str);
    } else {  // V3Broken will throw an error
        if (dtypep()) str << " %Error-dtype-exp=null,got=" << nodeAddr(dtypep());
    }
    if (name() != "") {
        if (VN_IS(this, Const)) {
            str << "  " << name();  // Already quoted
        } else {
            str << "  " << V3OutFormatter::quoteNameControls(name());
        }
    }
}

void dumpNodeListJson(std::ostream& os, const AstNode* nodep, const std::string& listName,
                      const string& indent) {
    os << ',';
    if (!nodep) {  // empty list, print inline
        os << '"' << listName << "\": []";
    } else {
        os << '\n' << indent + " \"" << listName << "\": [\n";
        for (; nodep; nodep = nodep->nextp()) {
            nodep->dumpTreeJson(os, indent + "  ");
            if (nodep->nextp()) os << ',';
            os << '\n';
        }
        os << indent << ']';
    }
}

static void dumpFileInfo(std::ostream& os, const FileLine* fileinfop) {
    const std::string filename
        = v3Global.opt.jsonIds() ? fileinfop->filenameLetters() : fileinfop->filename();
    os << ",\"loc\":\"" << filename << ',' << fileinfop->firstLineno() << ':'
       << fileinfop->firstColumn() << ',' << fileinfop->lastLineno() << ':'
       << fileinfop->lastColumn() << '"';
}

void AstNode::dumpTreeJson(std::ostream& os, const string& indent) const {
    os << indent << "{\"type\":\"" << typeName() << '"';
    dumpJsonStr(os, "name", V3OutFormatter::quoteNameControls(prettyName()));
    dumpJsonPtr(os, "addr", this);
    dumpFileInfo(os, fileline());
#ifdef VL_DEBUG
    if (v3Global.opt.jsonEditNums()) dumpJsonNum(os, "editNum", editCount());
#endif
    if (hasDType()) {
        dumpJsonPtrFunc(os, dtypep);
    } else {  // V3Broken will throw an error
        if (dtypep()) {
            dumpJsonStr(os, "dtypep", " %Error-dtype-exp=null,got=" + nodeAddr(dtypep()));
        }
    }
    dumpJson(os);
    dumpTreeJsonOpGen(os, indent);
    os << "}";
}

void AstNodeProcedure::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isSuspendable()) str << " [SUSP]";
    if (needProcess()) str << " [NPRC]";
}

void AstNodeProcedure::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isSuspendable);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, needProcess);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

void AstAlways::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeProcedure::dump(str);
    if (keyword() != VAlwaysKwd::ALWAYS) str << " [" << keyword().ascii() << "]";
}
void AstAlways::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "keyword", keyword().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
AstAssertCtl::AstAssertCtl(FileLine* fl, VAssertCtlType ctlType, AstNodeExpr*, AstNodeExpr*)
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_AssertCtl(fl)
    , m_ctlType{ctlType} {
    controlTypep(new AstConst{fl, ctlType});
}
AstAssertCtl::AstAssertCtl(FileLine* fl, AstNodeExpr* controlTypep, AstNodeExpr* assertTypesp,
                           AstNodeExpr* directiveTypep, AstNodeExpr*, AstNodeExpr*)
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_AssertCtl(fl)
    , m_ctlType{VAssertCtlType::_TO_BE_EVALUATED}
    , m_assertTypes{VAssertType::INTERNAL}
    , m_directiveTypes{VAssertDirectiveType::INTERNAL} {
    this->controlTypep(controlTypep);
    this->assertTypesp(assertTypesp);
    this->directiveTypesp(directiveTypep);
}
void AstAssertCtl::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << ctlType().ascii() << "]";
}
void AstAssertCtl::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "ctlType", ctlType().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstAttrOf::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << attrType().ascii() << "]";
}
void AstAttrOf::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "attrType", attrType().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstBasicDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    str << " kwd=" << keyword().ascii();
    if (isRanged() && !rangep()) str << " range=[" << left() << ":" << right() << "]";
}
void AstBasicDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "keyword", keyword().ascii());
    if (isRanged() && !rangep()) {
        dumpJsonStr(str, "range", std::to_string(left()) + ":" + std::to_string(right()));
    }
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
string AstBasicDType::prettyDTypeName(bool) const {
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << keyword().ascii();
    if (isRanged() && !rangep() && keyword().width() <= 1) {
        os << "[" << left() << ":" << right() << "]";
    }
    return os.str();
}

void AstNodeExpr::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNode::dump(str); }
void AstNodeExpr::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstNodeUniop::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str); }
void AstNodeUniop::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }

void AstCCast::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeUniop::dump(str);
    str << " sz" << size();
}
void AstCCast::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonNumFunc(str, size);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCell::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (recursive()) str << " [RECURSIVE]";
    if (modp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        modp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " ->UNLINKED:" << modName();
    }
}
void AstCell::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, origName);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, recursive);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCellInline::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " -> " << origModName();
}
void AstCellInline::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, origModName);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCellInlineScope::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " -> " << origModName();
    str << " [scopep=" << nodeAddr(scopep()) << "]";
}
void AstCellInlineScope::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, origModName);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
bool AstClass::isCacheableChild(const AstNode* nodep) {
    return (VN_IS(nodep, Var) || VN_IS(nodep, Constraint) || VN_IS(nodep, EnumItemRef)
            || (VN_IS(nodep, NodeFTask) && !VN_AS(nodep, NodeFTask)->isExternProto())
            || VN_IS(nodep, CFunc));
}
AstClass* AstClass::baseMostClassp() {
    AstClass* basep = this;
    while (basep->extendsp() && basep->extendsp()->classp()) {
        basep = basep->extendsp()->classp();
    }
    return basep;
}
bool AstClass::isClassExtendedFrom(const AstClass* refClassp, const AstClass* baseClassp) {
    // TAIL RECURSIVE
    if (!refClassp || !baseClassp) return false;
    if (refClassp == baseClassp) return true;
    if (!refClassp->extendsp()) return false;
    return isClassExtendedFrom(refClassp->extendsp()->classp(), baseClassp);
}
void AstClass::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeModule::dump(str);
    if (isExtended()) str << " [EXT]";
    if (isInterfaceClass()) str << " [IFCCLS]";
    if (isVirtual()) str << " [VIRT]";
    if (useVirtualPublic()) str << " [VIRPUB]";
}
void AstClass::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isExtended);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isInterfaceClass);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isVirtual);
    if (baseOverride().isAny()) dumpJsonStr(str, "baseOverride", baseOverride().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstClassExtends::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isImplements()) str << " [IMPLEMENTS]";
}
void AstClassExtends::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isImplements);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
AstClass* AstClassExtends::classOrNullp() const {
    const AstNodeDType* const dtp = dtypep() ? dtypep() : childDTypep();
    const AstClassRefDType* const refp = VN_CAST(dtp, ClassRefDType);
    if (refp && !refp->paramsp()) {
        // Class already resolved
        return refp->classp();
    } else {
        return nullptr;
    }
}
AstClass* AstClassExtends::classp() const {
    AstClass* const clsp = classOrNullp();
    UASSERT_OBJ(clsp, this, "Extended class is unresolved");
    return clsp;
}
void AstClassRefDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (classOrPackagep()) str << " cpkg=" << nodeAddr(classOrPackagep());
    if (classp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        classp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstClassRefDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstClassRefDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "class:" << name();
}
string AstClassRefDType::prettyDTypeName(bool) const { return "class{}"s + prettyName(); }
string AstClassRefDType::name() const { return classp() ? classp()->name() : "<unlinked>"; }
void AstNodeCoverOrAssert::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " ["s + this->type().ascii() + "]";
}
void AstNodeCoverOrAssert::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "type", "["s + this->type().ascii() + "]");
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstClocking::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isDefault()) str << " [DEFAULT]";
    if (isGlobal()) str << " [GLOBAL]";
}
void AstClocking::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isDefault);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isGlobal);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstDisplay::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    // str << " " << displayType().ascii();
}
void AstDisplay::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstEnumDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    str << " enum";
}
void AstEnumDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBool(str, "enum", 1);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstEnumDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "enum";
}
string AstEnumDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    string result = "enum{";
    if (full) {  // else shorten for error messages
        for (AstEnumItem* itemp = itemsp(); itemp; itemp = VN_AS(itemp->nextp(), EnumItem)) {
            result += itemp->prettyName() + "=";
            if (AstConst* constp = VN_CAST(itemp->valuep(), Const)) {
                result += constp->num().ascii(true, true);
            } else {
                result += "?";
            }
            result += ";";
        }
    }
    result += "}" + prettyName();
    return result;
}
void AstEnumItemRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (itemp()) {
        itemp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
const char* AstEnumDType::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(!((m_refDTypep && !childDTypep()) || (!m_refDTypep && childDTypep())));
    BROKEN_RTN(std::any_of(m_tableMap.begin(), m_tableMap.end(),
                           [](const auto& p) { return !p.second->brokeExists(); }));
    return nullptr;
}

void AstEnumItemRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstIfaceRefDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (cellName() != "") str << " cell=" << cellName();
    if (ifaceName() != "") str << " if=" << ifaceName();
    if (modportName() != "") str << " mp=" << modportName();
    if (cellp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        cellp()->dump(str);
    } else if (ifacep()) {
        str << " -> ";
        ifacep()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstIfaceRefDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, cellName);
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, ifaceName);
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, modportName);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstIfaceRefDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "iface";
}
void AstInitArray::dumpInitList(std::ostream& str) const {
    int n = 0;
    const auto& mapr = map();
    for (const auto& itr : mapr) {
        if (n++ > 5) {
            str << " ...";
            break;
        }
        const string addr
            = (v3Global.opt.jsonIds() ? v3Global.ptrToId(itr.second) : nodeAddr(itr.second));
        str << " [" << itr.first << "]=" << addr;
    }
}
void AstInitArray::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    dumpInitList(str);
}
void AstInitArray::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    str << ',' << '"' << "initList" << '"' << ':' << '"';
    dumpInitList(str);
    str << '"';
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
const char* AstInitArray::broken() const {
    for (KeyItemMap::const_iterator it = m_map.begin(); it != m_map.end(); ++it) {
        BROKEN_RTN(!it->second);
        BROKEN_RTN(!it->second->brokeExists());
    }
    return nullptr;
}
void AstInitArray::cloneRelink() {
    cloneRelinkGen();
    for (KeyItemMap::iterator it = m_map.begin(); it != m_map.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->second->clonep()) it->second = it->second->clonep();
    }
}
void AstInitArray::addIndexValuep(uint64_t index, AstNodeExpr* newp) {
    const auto pair = m_map.emplace(index, nullptr);
    if (pair.second) {
        AstInitItem* const itemp = new AstInitItem{fileline(), newp};
        pair.first->second = itemp;
        addInitsp(itemp);
    } else {
        pair.first->second->valuep(newp);
    }
}
AstNodeExpr* AstInitArray::getIndexValuep(uint64_t index) const {
    const auto it = m_map.find(index);
    if (it == m_map.end()) {
        return nullptr;
    } else {
        return it->second->valuep();
    }
}
AstNodeExpr* AstInitArray::getIndexDefaultedValuep(uint64_t index) const {
    AstNodeExpr* valuep = getIndexValuep(index);
    if (!valuep) valuep = defaultp();
    return valuep;
}

void AstJumpGo::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (labelp()) {
        labelp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "%E:UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstJumpGo::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
const char* AstJumpGo::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(!labelp()->brokeExistsBelow());
    return nullptr;
}

void AstJumpLabel::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (blockp()) {
        blockp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "%E:UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstJumpLabel::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }

void AstMemberDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "member";
}
AstNodeUOrStructDType* AstMemberDType::getChildStructp() const {
    AstNodeDType* subdtp = skipRefp();
    while (AstNodeArrayDType* const asubdtp = VN_CAST(subdtp, NodeArrayDType)) {
        subdtp = asubdtp->subDTypep();
    }
    // It's possible that `subdtp` is still a ref type, so skip it.
    return VN_CAST(subdtp->skipRefp(), NodeUOrStructDType);  // Maybe nullptr
}

AstMemberSel::AstMemberSel(FileLine* fl, AstNodeExpr* fromp, AstVar* varp)
    : ASTGEN_SUPER_MemberSel(fl)
    , m_name{varp->name()} {
    this->fromp(fromp);
    this->varp(varp);
    dtypep(varp->dtypep());
}
bool AstMemberSel::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstMemberSel* const sp = VN_DBG_AS(samep, MemberSel);
    return sp != nullptr && access() == sp->access() && fromp()->isSame(sp->fromp())
           && name() == sp->name() && varp()->same(sp->varp());
}

void AstMemberSel::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (varp()) {
        varp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "%E:UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstMemberSel::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstModportFTaskRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isExport()) str << " EXPORT";
    if (isImport()) str << " IMPORT";
    if (ftaskp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        ftaskp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstModportFTaskRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isExport);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isImport);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstModportVarRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (direction().isAny()) str << " " << direction();
    if (varp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        varp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstModportVarRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "direction", direction().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstPin::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (modVarp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        modVarp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " ->UNLINKED";
    }
    if (svDotName()) str << " [.n]";
    if (svImplicit()) str << " [.SV]";
}
void AstPin::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, svDotName);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, svImplicit);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
string AstPin::prettyOperatorName() const {
    return modVarp()
               ? ((modVarp()->direction().isAny() ? modVarp()->direction().prettyName() + " " : "")
                  + "port connection " + modVarp()->prettyNameQ())
               : "port connection";
}
void AstPrintTimeScale::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " " << timeunit();
}
void AstPrintTimeScale::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

void AstNodeTermop::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str); }
void AstNodeTermop::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstTime::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeTermop::dump(str);
    str << " " << timeunit();
}
void AstTime::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTimeD::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeTermop::dump(str);
    str << " " << timeunit();
}
void AstTimeD::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTimeImport::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeUniop::dump(str);
    str << " " << timeunit();
}
void AstTimeImport::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTypedef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (attrPublic()) str << " [PUBLIC]";
    if (subDTypep()) {
        str << " -> ";
        subDTypep()->dump(str);
    }
}
void AstTypedef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, attrPublic);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstNodeRange::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNode::dump(str); }
void AstNodeRange::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstRange::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeRange::dump(str);
    if (ascending()) str << " [ASCENDING]";
}
void AstRange::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, ascending);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstParamTypeDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (subDTypep()) {
        str << " -> ";
        subDTypep()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstParamTypeDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstRefDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (typedefp() || subDTypep()) {
        static bool s_recursing = false;
        if (!s_recursing) {  // Prevent infinite dump if circular typedefs
            s_recursing = true;
            str << " -> ";
            if (const auto subp = typedefp()) {
                subp->dump(str);
            } else if (const auto subp = subDTypep()) {
                subp->dump(str);
            }
            s_recursing = false;
        }
    } else {
        str << " -> UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstRefDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstRefDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "ref";
}
AstNodeDType* AstRefDType::subDTypep() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    if (typedefp()) return typedefp()->subDTypep();
    return refDTypep();  // Maybe nullptr
}
void AstNodeUOrStructDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (packed()) str << " [PACKED]";
    if (isFourstate()) str << " [4STATE]";
    if (classOrPackagep()) str << " pkg=" << nodeAddr(classOrPackagep());
}
void AstNodeUOrStructDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, packed);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isFourstate);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
string AstNodeUOrStructDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    string result = verilogKwd() + "{";
    if (full) {  // else shorten for errors
        for (AstMemberDType* itemp = membersp(); itemp;
             itemp = VN_AS(itemp->nextp(), MemberDType)) {
            result += itemp->subDTypep()->prettyDTypeName(full);
            result += " " + itemp->prettyName() + ";";
        }
    }
    result += "}" + prettyName();
    return result;
}
void AstNodeDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (generic()) str << " [GENERIC]";
    if (AstNodeDType* const dtp = virtRefDTypep()) {
        str << " refdt=" << nodeAddr(dtp);
        dtp->dumpSmall(str);
    }
}
void AstNodeDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, generic);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const VL_MT_STABLE {
    str << "(" << (generic() ? "G/" : "") << ((isSigned() && !isDouble()) ? "s" : "")
        << (isNosign() ? "n" : "") << (isDouble() ? "d" : "") << (isString() ? "str" : "");
    if (!isDouble() && !isString()) str << "w" << (widthSized() ? "" : "u") << width();
    if (!widthSized()) str << "/" << widthMin();
    str << ")";
}
void AstNodeArrayDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    if (auto* const adtypep = VN_CAST(this, UnpackArrayDType)) {
        // uc = packed compound object, u = unpacked POD
        str << (adtypep->isCompound() ? "uc" : "u");
    } else {
        str << "p";
    }
    str << declRange();
}
void AstNodeArrayDType::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dump(str);
    if (isCompound()) str << " [COMPOUND]";
    str << " " << declRange();
}
void AstNodeArrayDType::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isCompound);
    dumpJsonStr(str, "declRange", cvtToStr(declRange()));
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
string AstPackArrayDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    std::ostringstream os;
    if (const auto subp = subDTypep()) os << subp->prettyDTypeName(full);
    os << declRange();
    return os.str();
}
string AstUnpackArrayDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    std::ostringstream os;
    string ranges = cvtToStr(declRange());
    // Unfortunately we need a single $ for the first unpacked, and all
    // dimensions shown in "reverse" order
    AstNodeDType* subp = subDTypep()->skipRefp();
    while (AstUnpackArrayDType* adtypep = VN_CAST(subp, UnpackArrayDType)) {
        ranges += cvtToStr(adtypep->declRange());
        subp = adtypep->subDTypep()->skipRefp();
    }
    os << subp->prettyDTypeName(full) << "$" << ranges;
    return os.str();
}
std::vector<AstUnpackArrayDType*> AstUnpackArrayDType::unpackDimensions() {
    std::vector<AstUnpackArrayDType*> dims;
    for (AstUnpackArrayDType* unpackp = this; unpackp;) {
        dims.push_back(unpackp);
        if (AstNodeDType* const subp = unpackp->subDTypep()) {
            unpackp = VN_CAST(subp, UnpackArrayDType);
        } else {
            unpackp = nullptr;
        }
    }
    return dims;
}
void AstNetlist::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << timeunit() << "/" << timeprecision() << "]";
}
void AstNetlist::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeprecision", timeprecision().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
AstPackage* AstNetlist::dollarUnitPkgAddp() {
    if (!m_dollarUnitPkgp) {
        m_dollarUnitPkgp = new AstPackage{fileline(), AstPackage::dollarUnitName()};
        // packages are always libraries; don't want to make them a "top"
        m_dollarUnitPkgp->inLibrary(true);
        m_dollarUnitPkgp->modTrace(false);  // may reconsider later
        m_dollarUnitPkgp->internal(true);
        addModulesp(m_dollarUnitPkgp);
    }
    return m_dollarUnitPkgp;
}
void AstNetlist::createTopScope(AstScope* scopep) {
    UASSERT(scopep, "Must not be nullptr");
    UASSERT_OBJ(!m_topScopep, scopep, "TopScope already exits");
    m_topScopep = new AstTopScope{scopep->modp()->fileline(), scopep};
    scopep->modp()->addStmtsp(v3Global.rootp()->topScopep());
}
void AstNodeModule::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << "  L" << level();
    if (modPublic()) str << " [P]";
    if (inLibrary()) str << " [LIB]";
    if (dead()) str << " [DEAD]";
    if (recursiveClone()) {
        str << " [RECURSIVE-CLONE]";
    } else if (recursive()) {
        str << " [RECURSIVE]";
    }
    str << " [" << timeunit() << "]";
}
void AstNodeModule::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, origName);
    dumpJsonNumFunc(str, level);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, modPublic);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, inLibrary);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dead);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, recursiveClone);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, recursive);
    dumpJsonStr(str, "timeunit", timeunit().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstPackageExport::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (packagep()) {
        str << " -> " << packagep();
    } else {
        str << " ->UNLINKED:" << pkgName();
    }
}
void AstPackageExport::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstPackageExport::pkgNameFrom() {
    if (packagep()) m_pkgName = packagep()->name();
}
void AstPackageImport::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (packagep()) {
        str << " -> " << packagep();
    } else {
        str << " ->UNLINKED:" << pkgName();
    }
}
void AstPackageImport::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstPackageImport::pkgNameFrom() {
    if (packagep()) m_pkgName = packagep()->name();
}
void AstPatMember::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (isDefault()) str << " [DEFAULT]";
}
void AstPatMember::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    if (isDefault()) dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isDefault);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstNodeTriop::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str); }
void AstNodeTriop::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstSel::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeTriop::dump(str);
    if (declRange().ranged()) {
        str << " decl" << declRange() << "]";
        if (declElWidth() != 1) str << "/" << declElWidth();
    }
}
void AstSel::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    if (declRange().ranged()) {
        dumpJsonStr(str, "declRange", cvtToStr(declRange()));
        dumpJsonNumFunc(str, declElWidth);
    }
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstSliceSel::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeTriop::dump(str);
    if (declRange().ranged()) str << " decl" << declRange();
}
void AstSliceSel::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    if (declRange().ranged()) dumpJsonStr(str, "declRange", cvtToStr(declRange()));
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstMTaskBody::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " ";
    m_execMTaskp->dump(str);
}
void AstMTaskBody::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    str << ',' << '"' << "execMTask" << '"' << ':' << '"';
    m_execMTaskp->dump(str);  // TODO: Consider dumping it as json object
    str << '"';
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTypeTable::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(VBasicDTypeKwd::_ENUM_MAX); ++i) {
        if (AstBasicDType* const subnodep = m_basicps[i]) {
            str << '\n';  // Newline from caller, so newline first
            str << "\t\t" << std::setw(8) << VBasicDTypeKwd{i}.ascii();
            str << "  -> ";
            subnodep->dump(str);
        }
    }
    {
        const DetailedMap& mapr = m_detailedMap;
        for (const auto& itr : mapr) {
            AstBasicDType* const dtypep = itr.second;
            str << '\n';  // Newline from caller, so newline first
            str << "\t\tdetailed  ->  ";
            dtypep->dump(str);
        }
    }
    // Note get newline from caller too.
}
void AstTypeTable::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstAssocArrayDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "[assoc-" << nodeAddr(keyDTypep()) << "]";
}
string AstAssocArrayDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    return subDTypep()->prettyDTypeName(full) + "$[" + keyDTypep()->prettyDTypeName(full) + "]";
}
void AstDynArrayDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "$[]";
}
string AstDynArrayDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    return subDTypep()->prettyDTypeName(full) + "$[]";
}
void AstQueueDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "[queue]";
}
string AstQueueDType::prettyDTypeName(bool full) const {
    string str = subDTypep()->prettyDTypeName(full) + "$[$";
    if (boundConst()) str += ":" + cvtToStr(boundConst());
    return str + "]";
}
void AstWildcardArrayDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "[*]";
}
bool AstWildcardArrayDType::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstWildcardArrayDType* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, WildcardArrayDType);
    if (!asamep->subDTypep()) return false;
    return (subDTypep() == asamep->subDTypep());
}
bool AstWildcardArrayDType::similarDType(const AstNodeDType* samep) const {
    if (type() != samep->type()) return false;
    const AstWildcardArrayDType* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, WildcardArrayDType);
    return asamep->subDTypep()
           && subDTypep()->skipRefp()->similarDType(asamep->subDTypep()->skipRefp());
}
void AstSampleQueueDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "[*]";
}
void AstUnsizedArrayDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "[]";
}
bool AstUnsizedArrayDType::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstUnsizedArrayDType* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, UnsizedArrayDType);
    if (!asamep->subDTypep()) return false;
    return (subDTypep() == asamep->subDTypep());
}
bool AstUnsizedArrayDType::similarDType(const AstNodeDType* samep) const {
    if (type() != samep->type()) return false;
    const AstUnsizedArrayDType* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, UnsizedArrayDType);
    return asamep->subDTypep()
           && subDTypep()->skipRefp()->similarDType(asamep->subDTypep()->skipRefp());
}
void AstEmptyQueueDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "emptyq";
}
void AstVoidDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "void";
}
void AstStreamDType::dumpSmall(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeDType::dumpSmall(str);
    str << "stream";
}
void AstVarScope::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isTrace()) str << " [T]";
    if (scopep()) str << " [scopep=" << nodeAddr(scopep()) << "]";
    if (varp()) {
        str << " -> ";
        varp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << " ->UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstVarScope::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isTrace);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
bool AstVarScope::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstVarScope* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, VarScope);
    return varp()->same(asamep->varp()) && scopep()->same(asamep->scopep());
}
void AstNodeVarRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (classOrPackagep()) str << " pkg=" << nodeAddr(classOrPackagep());
    str << " " << access().arrow() << " ";
}
void AstNodeVarRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "access", access().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstVarXRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeVarRef::dump(str);
    str << ".=" << dotted() << " ";
    if (inlinedDots() != "") str << " inline.=" << inlinedDots() << " - ";
    if (varScopep()) {
        varScopep()->dump(str);
    } else if (varp()) {
        varp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstVarXRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, dotted);
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, inlinedDots);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstVarRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeVarRef::dump(str);
    if (varScopep()) {
        varScopep()->dump(str);
    } else if (varp()) {
        varp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstVarRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
const char* AstVarRef::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(!varp());
    return nullptr;
}
bool AstVarRef::same(const AstNode* samep) const { return same(VN_DBG_AS(samep, VarRef)); }
int AstVarRef::instrCount() const {
    // Account for the target of hard-coded method calls as just an address computation
    if (const AstCMethodHard* const callp = VN_CAST(backp(), CMethodHard)) {
        if (callp->fromp() == this) return 1;
    }
    // Otherwise as a load/store
    return widthInstrs() * (access().isReadOrRW() ? INSTR_COUNT_LD : 1);
}
void AstVar::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isSc()) str << " [SC]";
    if (isPrimaryIO()) str << (isInoutish() ? " [PIO]" : (isWritable() ? " [PO]" : " [PI]"));
    if (isIO()) str << " " << direction().ascii();
    if (isConst()) str << " [CONST]";
    if (isPullup()) str << " [PULLUP]";
    if (isPulldown()) str << " [PULLDOWN]";
    if (isUsedClock()) str << " [CLK]";
    if (isSigPublic()) str << " [P]";
    if (isInternal()) str << " [INTERNAL]";
    if (isLatched()) str << " [LATCHED]";
    if (isUsedLoopIdx()) str << " [LOOP]";
    if (rand().isRandomizable()) str << rand();
    if (noReset()) str << " [!RST]";
    if (attrIsolateAssign()) str << " [aISO]";
    if (attrFileDescr()) str << " [aFD]";
    if (isFuncReturn()) {
        str << " [FUNCRTN]";
    } else if (isFuncLocal()) {
        str << " [FUNC]";
    }
    if (isDpiOpenArray()) str << " [DPIOPENA]";
    if (!attrClocker().unknown()) str << " [" << attrClocker().ascii() << "] ";
    if (!lifetime().isNone()) str << " [" << lifetime().ascii() << "] ";
    str << " " << varType();
}
void AstVar::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, origName);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isSc);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isPrimaryIO);
    dumpJsonStr(str, "direction", direction().ascii());
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isConst);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isPullup);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isPulldown);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isUsedClock);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isSigPublic);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isLatched);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isUsedLoopIdx);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, noReset);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, attrIsolateAssign);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, attrFileDescr);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isDpiOpenArray);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isFuncReturn);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isFuncLocal);
    dumpJsonStr(str, "attrClocker", (attrClocker().unknown() ? "UNKNOWN" : attrClocker().ascii()));
    dumpJsonStr(str, "lifetime", lifetime().ascii());
    dumpJsonStr(str, "varType", varType().ascii());
    if (dtypep()) dumpJsonStr(str, "dtypeName", dtypep()->name());
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isSigUserRdPublic);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isSigUserRWPublic);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isGParam);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isParam);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, attrScBv);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, attrSFormat);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
bool AstVar::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstVar* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, Var);
    return name() == asamep->name() && varType() == asamep->varType();
}
void AstWhile::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (unrollFull().isSetTrue())
        str << " [unrollfull]";
    else if (unrollFull().isSetFalse())
        str << " [unrolldis]";
}
void AstScope::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [abovep=" << nodeAddr(aboveScopep()) << "]";
    str << " [cellp=" << nodeAddr(aboveCellp()) << "]";
    str << " [modp=" << nodeAddr(modp()) << "]";
}
void AstScope::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
bool AstScope::same(const AstNode* samep) const {
    const AstScope* const asamep = VN_DBG_AS(samep, Scope);
    return name() == asamep->name()
           && ((!aboveScopep() && !asamep->aboveScopep())
               || (aboveScopep() && asamep->aboveScopep()
                   && aboveScopep()->name() == asamep->aboveScopep()->name()));
}
void AstScopeName::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (dpiExport()) str << " [DPIEX]";
    if (forFormat()) str << " [FMT]";
}
void AstScopeName::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiExport);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, forFormat);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstSenTree::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (isMulti()) str << " [MULTI]";
}
void AstSenTree::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isMulti);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstSenItem::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << edgeType().ascii() << "]";
}
void AstSenItem::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "edgeType", edgeType().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstStrengthSpec::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " (" << m_s0.ascii() << ", " << m_s1.ascii() << ")";
}
void AstStrengthSpec::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "strength0", m_s0.ascii());
    dumpJsonStr(str, "strength1", m_s1.ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstParseRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << expect().ascii() << "]";
}
void AstParseRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "expect", expect().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstClassOrPackageRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (classOrPackageNodep()) str << " cpkg=" << nodeAddr(classOrPackageNodep());
    str << " -> ";
    if (classOrPackageNodep()) {
        classOrPackageNodep()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstClassOrPackageRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
AstNodeModule* AstClassOrPackageRef::classOrPackagep() const {
    AstNode* foundp = m_classOrPackageNodep;
    if (auto* const anodep = VN_CAST(foundp, Typedef)) foundp = anodep->subDTypep();
    if (auto* const anodep = VN_CAST(foundp, NodeDType)) foundp = anodep->skipRefp();
    if (auto* const anodep = VN_CAST(foundp, ClassRefDType)) foundp = anodep->classp();
    return VN_CAST(foundp, NodeModule);
}

void AstDot::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (colon()) str << " [::]";
}
void AstDot::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, colon);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstActive::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " => ";
    if (sensesp()) {
        sensesp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstActive::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstNodeFTaskRef::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeExpr::dump(str);
    if (classOrPackagep()) str << " pkg=" << nodeAddr(classOrPackagep());
    str << " -> ";
    if (dotted() != "") str << ".=" << dotted() << " ";
    if (taskp()) {
        taskp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstNodeFTaskRef::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, dotted);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstNodeFTask::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (classMethod()) str << " [METHOD]";
    if (dpiExport()) str << " [DPIX]";
    if (dpiImport()) str << " [DPII]";
    if (dpiOpenChild()) str << " [DPIOPENCHILD]";
    if (dpiOpenParent()) str << " [DPIOPENPARENT]";
    if (prototype()) str << " [PROTOTYPE]";
    if (pureVirtual()) str << " [PUREVIRTUAL]";
    if (recursive()) str << " [RECURSIVE]";
    if (taskPublic()) str << " [PUBLIC]";
    if ((dpiImport() || dpiExport()) && cname() != name()) str << " [c=" << cname() << "]";
}
bool AstNodeFTask::isPure() {
    if (!m_purity.isCached()) m_purity.set(getPurityRecurse());
    return m_purity.get();
}
const char* AstNodeFTask::broken() const {
    BROKEN_RTN(m_purity.isCached() && m_purity.get() != getPurityRecurse());
    return nullptr;
}
bool AstNodeFTask::getPurityRecurse() const {
    if (this->dpiImport()) return this->dpiPure();
    // Check the list of statements if it contains any impure statement
    // or any write reference to a variable that isn't an automatic function local.
    for (AstNode* stmtp = this->stmtsp(); stmtp; stmtp = stmtp->nextp()) {
        if (const AstVar* const varp = VN_CAST(stmtp, Var)) {
            if (varp->isInoutish() || varp->isRef()) return false;
        }
        if (!stmtp->isPure()) return false;
        if (stmtp->exists([](const AstNodeVarRef* const varrefp) {
                return (!varrefp->varp()->isFuncLocal() || varrefp->varp()->lifetime().isStatic())
                       && varrefp->access().isWriteOrRW();
            }))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}
void AstNodeFTask::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBool(str, "method", classMethod());
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiExport);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiImport);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiOpenChild);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiOpenParent);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, prototype);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, recursive);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, taskPublic);
    if (baseOverride().isAny()) dumpJsonStr(str, "baseOverride", baseOverride().ascii());
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, cname);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstNodeBlock::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (unnamed()) str << " [UNNAMED]";
}
void AstNodeBlock::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, unnamed);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstBegin::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeBlock::dump(str);
    if (generate()) str << " [GEN]";
    if (genforp()) str << " [GENFOR]";
    if (implied()) str << " [IMPLIED]";
    if (needProcess()) str << " [NPRC]";
}
void AstBegin::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, generate);
    dumpJsonBool(str, "genfor", bool(genforp()));
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, implied);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, needProcess);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCoverDecl::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    if (!page().empty()) str << " page=" << page();
    if (!linescov().empty()) str << " lc=" << linescov();
    if (this->dataDeclNullp()) {
        static bool s_recursing = false;
        str << " -> ";
        if (s_recursing) {
            str << "%ErrorRECURSIVE";
        } else {
            s_recursing = true;
            this->dataDeclNullp()->dump(str);
            s_recursing = false;
        }
    } else {
        if (binNum()) str << " bin" << std::dec << binNum();
    }
}
void AstCoverDecl::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, page);
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, linescov);
    dumpJsonNumFunc(str, binNum);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCoverInc::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (declp()) {
        declp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "%E:UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstCoverInc::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstFork::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeBlock::dump(str);
    if (!joinType().join()) str << " [" << joinType() << "]";
}
void AstFork::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "joinType", joinType().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstStop::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    if (isFatal()) str << " [FATAL]";
}
void AstStop::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isFatal);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTraceDecl::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    if (code()) str << " [code=" << code() << "]";
}
void AstTraceDecl::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonNumFunc(str, code);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstTraceInc::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    str << " -> ";
    if (declp()) {
        declp()->dump(str);
    } else {
        str << "%E:UNLINKED";
    }
}
void AstTraceInc::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
string AstNodeText::shortText() const {
    string out = text();
    string::size_type pos;
    if ((pos = out.find('\n')) != string::npos) {
        out.erase(pos, out.length() - pos);
        out += "...";
    }
    return out;
}
void AstNodeText::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " \"" << shortText() << "\"";
}
void AstNodeText::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStrFunc(str, shortText);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

void AstNodeFile::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNode::dump(str); }
void AstNodeFile::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
void AstVFile::dump(std::ostream& str) const { this->AstNodeFile::dump(str); }
void AstVFile::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }

void AstCFile::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeFile::dump(str);
    if (source()) str << " [SRC]";
    if (slow()) str << " [SLOW]";
}

void AstCFile::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, source);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, slow);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
void AstCFunc::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    if (slow()) str << " [SLOW]";
    if (dpiPure()) str << " [DPIPURE]";
    if (isStatic()) str << " [STATIC]";
    if (dpiExportDispatcher()) str << " [DPIED]";
    if (dpiExportImpl()) str << " [DPIEI]";
    if (dpiImportPrototype()) str << " [DPIIP]";
    if (dpiImportWrapper()) str << " [DPIIW]";
    if (dpiContext()) str << " [DPICTX]";
    if (isConstructor()) str << " [CTOR]";
    if (isDestructor()) str << " [DTOR]";
    if (isVirtual()) str << " [VIRT]";
    if (isCoroutine()) str << " [CORO]";
    if (needProcess()) str << " [NPRC]";
    if (entryPoint()) str << " [ENTRY]";
}
void AstCFunc::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, slow);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isStatic);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiExportDispatcher);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiExportImpl);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiImportPrototype);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiImportWrapper);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, dpiContext);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isConstructor);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isDestructor);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isVirtual);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isCoroutine);
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, needProcess);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
    // TODO: maybe try to shorten these flags somehow
}
void AstCAwait::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeUniop::dump(str);
    if (sensesp()) {
        str << " => ";
        sensesp()->dump(str);
    }
}
void AstCAwait::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const { dumpJsonGen(str); }
int AstCMethodHard::instrCount() const {
    if (AstBasicDType* const basicp = fromp()->dtypep()->basicp()) {
        // TODO: add a more structured description of library methods, rather than using string
        //       matching. See issue #3715.
        if (basicp->isTriggerVec() && m_name == "word") {
            // This is an important special case for scheduling so we compute it precisely,
            // it is simply a load.
            return INSTR_COUNT_LD;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
void AstCMethodHard::setPurity() {
    static const std::map<std::string, bool> isPureMethod{{"andNot", false},
                                                          {"any", true},
                                                          {"anyTriggered", false},
                                                          {"assign", false},
                                                          {"at", true},
                                                          {"atBack", true},
                                                          {"atWrite", true},
                                                          {"awaitingCurrentTime", true},
                                                          {"clear", false},
                                                          {"clearFired", false},
                                                          {"commit", false},
                                                          {"delay", false},
                                                          {"done", false},
                                                          {"enqueue", false},
                                                          {"erase", false},
                                                          {"evaluate", false},
                                                          {"evaluation", false},
                                                          {"exists", true},
                                                          {"find", true},
                                                          {"find_first", true},
                                                          {"find_first_index", true},
                                                          {"find_index", true},
                                                          {"find_last", true},
                                                          {"find_last_index", true},
                                                          {"fire", false},
                                                          {"first", false},
                                                          {"hard", false},
                                                          {"init", false},
                                                          {"insert", false},
                                                          {"inside", true},
                                                          {"isFired", true},
                                                          {"isTriggered", true},
                                                          {"join", false},
                                                          {"last", false},
                                                          {"max", true},
                                                          {"min", true},
                                                          {"neq", true},
                                                          {"next", false},
                                                          {"pop", false},
                                                          {"pop_back", false},
                                                          {"pop_front", false},
                                                          {"prev", false},
                                                          {"push", false},
                                                          {"push_back", false},
                                                          {"push_front", false},
                                                          {"r_and", true},
                                                          {"r_or", true},
                                                          {"r_product", true},
                                                          {"r_sum", true},
                                                          {"r_xor", true},
                                                          {"renew", false},
                                                          {"renew_copy", false},
                                                          {"resume", false},
                                                          {"reverse", false},
                                                          {"rsort", false},
                                                          {"set", false},
                                                          {"set_randmode", false},
                                                          {"shuffle", false},
                                                          {"size", true},
                                                          {"slice", true},
                                                          {"sliceBackBack", true},
                                                          {"sliceFrontBack", true},
                                                          {"sort", false},
                                                          {"thisOr", false},
                                                          {"trigger", false},
                                                          {"unique", true},
                                                          {"unique_index", true},
                                                          {"word", true},
                                                          {"write_var", false}};

    if (name() == "atWriteAppend" || name() == "atWriteAppendBack") {
        m_pure = false;
        // Treat atWriteAppend as pure if the argument is a loop iterator
        if (AstNodeExpr* const argp = pinsp()) {
            if (AstVarRef* const varrefp = VN_CAST(argp, VarRef)) {
                if (varrefp->varp()->isUsedLoopIdx()) m_pure = true;
            }
        }
        return;
    }
    auto isPureIt = isPureMethod.find(name());
    UASSERT_OBJ(isPureIt != isPureMethod.end(), this, "Unknown purity of method " + name());
    m_pure = isPureIt->second;
    if (!m_pure) return;
    if (!fromp()->isPure()) m_pure = false;
    if (!m_pure) return;
    for (AstNodeExpr* argp = pinsp(); argp; argp = VN_AS(argp->nextp(), NodeExpr)) {
        if (!argp->isPure()) {
            m_pure = false;
            return;
        }
    }
}

void AstCUse::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNode::dump(str);
    str << " [" << useType() << "]";
}
void AstCUse::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonStr(str, "useType", useType().ascii());
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}

static AstDelay* getLhsNetDelayRecurse(const AstNodeExpr* const nodep) {
    if (const AstNodeVarRef* const refp = VN_CAST(nodep, NodeVarRef)) {
        if (refp->varp()->delayp()) return refp->varp()->delayp();
    } else if (const AstNodeSel* const selp = VN_CAST(nodep, NodeSel)) {
        return getLhsNetDelayRecurse(selp->fromp());
    }
    return nullptr;
}
AstDelay* AstAssignW::getLhsNetDelay() const { return getLhsNetDelayRecurse(lhsp()); }
AstAlways* AstAssignW::convertToAlways() {
    const bool hasTimingControl = isTimingControl();
    AstNodeExpr* const lhs1p = lhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
    AstNodeExpr* const rhs1p = rhsp()->unlinkFrBack();
    AstNode* const controlp = timingControlp() ? timingControlp()->unlinkFrBack() : nullptr;
    FileLine* const flp = fileline();
    AstNode* bodysp = new AstAssign{flp, lhs1p, rhs1p, controlp};
    if (hasTimingControl) {
        // If there's a timing control, put the assignment in a fork..join_none. This process won't
        // get marked as suspendable and thus will be scheduled normally
        auto* forkp = new AstFork{flp, "", bodysp};
        forkp->joinType(VJoinType::JOIN_NONE);
        bodysp = forkp;
    }
    AstAlways* const newp = new AstAlways{flp, VAlwaysKwd::ALWAYS, nullptr, bodysp};
    replaceWith(newp);  // User expected to then deleteTree();
    return newp;
}

string AstCase::pragmaString() const {
    if (fullPragma() && parallelPragma())
        return "synthesis full_case parallel_case";
    else if (fullPragma())
        return "synthesis full_case";
    else if (parallelPragma())
        return "synthesis parallel_case";
    else if (uniquePragma())
        return "unique case";
    else if (unique0Pragma())
        return "unique0 case";
    else if (priorityPragma())
        return "priority case";
    return "";
}

void AstDelay::dump(std::ostream& str) const {
    this->AstNodeStmt::dump(str);
    if (isCycleDelay()) str << " [CYCLE]";
}
void AstDelay::dumpJson(std::ostream& str) const {
    dumpJsonBoolFunc(str, isCycleDelay);
    dumpJsonGen(str);
}
const char* AstAnd::widthMismatch() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != rhsp()->widthMin());
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != widthMin());
    return nullptr;
}
const char* AstOr::widthMismatch() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != rhsp()->widthMin());
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != widthMin());
    return nullptr;
}
const char* AstXor::widthMismatch() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != rhsp()->widthMin());
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != widthMin());
    return nullptr;
}
const char* AstNot::widthMismatch() const VL_MT_STABLE {
    BROKEN_RTN(lhsp()->widthMin() != widthMin());
    return nullptr;
}