Use newline instead of endl, for fewer stream flushes

include/verilated_cov.cpp

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ private:
         std::string result = prefix + "*" + suffix;
 
         // std::cout << "\nch pre=" << prefix << "  s=" << suffix << "\nch a="
-        // << old << "\nch b=" << add << "\ncho=" << result << std::endl;
+        // << old << "\nch b=" << add << "\ncho=" << result << "\n";
         return result;
     }
     bool itemMatchesString(VerilatedCovImpItem* itemp, const std::string& match)
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ public:
             const std::string key = keys[i];
             if (!keys[i].empty()) {
                 const std::string val = valps[i];
-                // std::cout << "   " << __FUNCTION__ << "  " << key << " = " << val << std::endl;
+                // std::cout << "   " << __FUNCTION__ << "  " << key << " = " << val << "\n";
                 m_insertp->m_keys[addKeynum] = valueIndex(key);
                 m_insertp->m_vals[addKeynum] = valueIndex(val);
                 ++addKeynum;

include/verilated_trace_imp.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 #if 0
 # include <iostream>
-# define VL_TRACE_OFFLOAD_DEBUG(msg) std::cout << "TRACE OFFLOAD THREAD: " << msg << std::endl
+# define VL_TRACE_OFFLOAD_DEBUG(msg) std::cout << "TRACE OFFLOAD THREAD: " << msg << "\n"
 #else
 # define VL_TRACE_OFFLOAD_DEBUG(msg)
 #endif

src/V3Ast.cpp

@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ void AstNode::dumpPtrs(std::ostream& os) const {
         // This may cause address sanitizer failures as iterpp can be stale
         // os << "*=" << cvtToHex(*m_iterpp);
     }
-    os << std::endl;
+    os << "\n";
 }
 
 void AstNode::dumpTree(std::ostream& os, const string& indent, int maxDepth) const {

src/V3Const.cpp

@@ -768,16 +768,16 @@ public:
         if (needsCleaning) ++resultOps;
 
         if (debug() >= 9) {  // LCOV_EXCL_START
-            cout << "-  Bitop tree considered: " << endl;
+            cout << "-  Bitop tree considered:\n";
             for (AstNodeExpr* const termp : termps) termp->dumpTree("-  Reduced term: ");
             for (const std::pair<AstNodeExpr*, FrozenNodeInfo>& termp : visitor.m_frozenNodes) {
                 termp.first->dumpTree("-  Frozen term with lsb "
                                       + std::to_string(termp.second.m_lsb) + " polarity "
                                       + std::to_string(termp.second.m_polarity) + ": ");
             }
-            cout << "-  Needs flipping: " << needsFlip << endl;
+            cout << "-  Needs flipping: " << needsFlip << "\n";
-            cout << "-  Needs cleaning: " << needsCleaning << endl;
+            cout << "-  Needs cleaning: " << needsCleaning << "\n";
-            cout << "-  Size: " << resultOps << " input size: " << visitor.m_ops << endl;
+            cout << "-  Size: " << resultOps << " input size: " << visitor.m_ops << "\n";
         }  // LCOV_EXCL_END
 
         // Sometimes we have no terms left after ignoring redundant terms

src/V3Dfg.cpp

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static void dumpDotVertex(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx) {
         } else {
             os << ", shape=box";
         }
-        os << "]" << endl;
+        os << "]\n";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static void dumpDotVertex(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx) {
         } else {
             os << ", shape=box3d";
         }
-        os << "]" << endl;
+        os << "]\n";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void dumpDotVertex(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx) {
         }
         os << '"';
         os << ", shape=plain";
-        os << "]" << endl;
+        os << "]\n";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ static void dumpDotVertex(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx) {
         } else {
             os << ", shape=circle";
         }
-        os << "]" << endl;
+        os << "]\n";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -147,14 +147,14 @@ static void dumpDotVertex(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx) {
     } else {
         os << ", shape=circle";
     }
-    os << "]" << endl;
+    os << "]\n";
 }
 
 // Dump one DfgEdge in Graphviz format
 static void dumpDotEdge(std::ostream& os, const DfgEdge& edge, const string& headlabel) {
     os << toDotId(*edge.sourcep()) << " -> " << toDotId(*edge.sinkp());
     if (!headlabel.empty()) os << " [headlabel=\"" << headlabel << "\"]";
-    os << endl;
+    os << "\n";
 }
 
 // Dump one DfgVertex and all of its source DfgEdges in Graphviz format
@@ -171,17 +171,17 @@ static void dumpDotVertexAndSourceEdges(std::ostream& os, const DfgVertex& vtx)
 
 void DfgGraph::dumpDot(std::ostream& os, const string& label) const {
     // Header
-    os << "digraph dfg {" << endl;
+    os << "digraph dfg {\n";
     os << "graph [label=\"" << name();
     if (!label.empty()) os << "-" << label;
-    os << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]" << endl;
+    os << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]\n";
-    os << "graph [rankdir=LR]" << endl;
+    os << "graph [rankdir=LR]\n";
 
     // Emit all vertices
     forEachVertex([&](const DfgVertex& vtx) { dumpDotVertexAndSourceEdges(os, vtx); });
 
     // Footer
-    os << "}" << endl;
+    os << "}\n";
 }
 
 void DfgGraph::dumpDotFile(const string& fileName, const string& label) const {
@@ -242,15 +242,15 @@ void DfgGraph::dumpDotUpstreamCone(const string& fileName, const DfgVertex& vtx,
     if (os->fail()) v3fatal("Cannot write to file: " << fileName);
 
     // Header
-    *os << "digraph dfg {" << endl;
+    *os << "digraph dfg {\n";
-    if (!name.empty()) *os << "graph [label=\"" << name << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]" << endl;
+    if (!name.empty()) *os << "graph [label=\"" << name << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]\n";
-    *os << "graph [rankdir=LR]" << endl;
+    *os << "graph [rankdir=LR]\n";
 
     // Dump the cone
     dumpDotUpstreamConeFromVertex(*os, vtx);
 
     // Footer
-    *os << "}" << endl;
+    *os << "}\n";
 
     // Done
     os->close();
@@ -276,15 +276,15 @@ void DfgGraph::dumpDotAllVarConesPrefixed(const string& label) const {
         if (os->fail()) v3fatal("Cannot write to file: " << fileName);
 
         // Header
-        *os << "digraph dfg {" << endl;
+        *os << "digraph dfg {\n";
-        *os << "graph [label=\"" << coneName << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]" << endl;
+        *os << "graph [label=\"" << coneName << "\", labelloc=t, labeljust=l]\n";
-        *os << "graph [rankdir=LR]" << endl;
+        *os << "graph [rankdir=LR]\n";
 
         // Dump this cone
         dumpDotUpstreamConeFromVertex(*os, vtx);
 
         // Footer
-        *os << "}" << endl;
+        *os << "}\n";
 
         // Done with this logic cone
         os->close();

src/V3FileLine.cpp

@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ void FileLine::v3errorEnd(std::ostringstream& sstr, const string& extra)
     std::ostringstream nsstr;
     if (lastLineno()) nsstr << this;
     nsstr << sstr.str();
-    nsstr << endl;
+    nsstr << "\n";
     std::ostringstream lstr;
     if (!extra.empty()) {
         lstr << std::setw(ascii().length()) << " "

src/V3Graph.cpp

@@ -416,5 +416,5 @@ void V3Graph::dumpDotFile(const string& filename, bool colorAsSubgraph) const {
     *logp << "}\n";
     logp->close();
 
-    cout << "dot -Tpdf -o ~/a.pdf " << filename << endl;
+    cout << "dot -Tpdf -o ~/a.pdf " << filename << "\n";
 }

src/V3Options.cpp

@@ -1833,46 +1833,46 @@ string V3Options::parseFileArg(const string& optdir, const string& relfilename)
 
 void V3Options::showVersion(bool verbose) {
     cout << version();
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     if (!verbose) return;
 
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     cout << "Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.  Verilator is free software; you can\n";
     cout << "redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of\n";
     cout << "either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic\n";
     cout << "License Version 2.0.\n";
 
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     cout << "See https://verilator.org for documentation\n";
 
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     cout << "Summary of configuration:\n";
     cout << "  Compiled in defaults if not in environment:\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_ARCH       = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_ARCH << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_ARCH       = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_ARCH << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_INCLUDE    = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_INCLUDE << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_INCLUDE    = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_INCLUDE << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_LIBDIR     = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_LIBDIR << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_LIBDIR     = " << DEFENV_SYSTEMC_LIBDIR << "\n";
-    cout << "    VERILATOR_ROOT     = " << DEFENV_VERILATOR_ROOT << endl;
+    cout << "    VERILATOR_ROOT     = " << DEFENV_VERILATOR_ROOT << "\n";
-    cout << "    SystemC system-wide = " << cvtToStr(systemCSystemWide()) << endl;
+    cout << "    SystemC system-wide = " << cvtToStr(systemCSystemWide()) << "\n";
 
     // If update below, also update V3Options::getenvBuiltins()
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     cout << "Environment:\n";
-    cout << "    MAKE               = " << V3Os::getenvStr("MAKE", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    MAKE               = " << V3Os::getenvStr("MAKE", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    PERL               = " << V3Os::getenvStr("PERL", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    PERL               = " << V3Os::getenvStr("PERL", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_ARCH       = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_ARCH", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_ARCH       = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_ARCH", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_INCLUDE    = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_INCLUDE", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_INCLUDE    = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_INCLUDE", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC_LIBDIR     = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_LIBDIR", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC_LIBDIR     = " << V3Os::getenvStr("SYSTEMC_LIBDIR", "") << "\n";
     // wrapper uses VERILATOR_BIN
-    cout << "    VERILATOR_BIN      = " << V3Os::getenvStr("VERILATOR_BIN", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    VERILATOR_BIN      = " << V3Os::getenvStr("VERILATOR_BIN", "") << "\n";
-    cout << "    VERILATOR_ROOT     = " << V3Os::getenvStr("VERILATOR_ROOT", "") << endl;
+    cout << "    VERILATOR_ROOT     = " << V3Os::getenvStr("VERILATOR_ROOT", "") << "\n";
 
     // If update below, also update V3Options::getSupported()
-    cout << endl;
+    cout << "\n";
     cout << "Supported features (compiled-in or forced by environment):\n";
-    cout << "    COROUTINES         = " << getSupported("COROUTINES") << endl;
+    cout << "    COROUTINES         = " << getSupported("COROUTINES") << "\n";
-    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << getSupported("SYSTEMC") << endl;
+    cout << "    SYSTEMC            = " << getSupported("SYSTEMC") << "\n";
 }
 
 //======================================================================
@@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ void V3Options::setDebugMode(int level) {
     if (!m_dumpLevel.count("tree")) m_dumpLevel["tree"] = 3;  // Don't override if already set.
     m_stats = true;
     m_debugCheck = true;
-    cout << "Starting " << version() << endl;
+    cout << "Starting " << version() << "\n";
 }
 
 unsigned V3Options::debugLevel(const string& tag) const VL_MT_SAFE {

src/V3WidthCommit.cpp

@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ private:
                 nodep->v3warn(ENCAPSULATED, nodep->prettyNameQ()
                                                 << " is hidden as " << how
                                                 << " within this context (IEEE 1800-2017 8.18)\n"
-                                                << nodep->warnContextPrimary() << endl
+                                                << nodep->warnContextPrimary() << "\n"
                                                 << nodep->warnOther()
-                                                << "... Location of definition" << endl
+                                                << "... Location of definition\n"
                                                 << defp->warnContextSecondary());
             }
         }

src/VlcBucket.h

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public:
         for (uint64_t i = 0; i < m_dataSize; ++i) {
             if (hits(i)) std::cout << "," << i;
         }
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "\n";
     }
 };
 

src/VlcMain.cpp

@@ -103,16 +103,16 @@ void VlcOptions::parseOptsList(int argc, char** argv) {
 
 void VlcOptions::showVersion(bool verbose) {
     std::cout << version();
-    std::cout << endl;
+    std::cout << "\n";
     if (!verbose) return;
 
-    std::cout << endl;
+    std::cout << "\n";
     std::cout << "Copyright 2003-2023 by Wilson Snyder.  Verilator is free software; you can\n";
     std::cout << "redistribute it and/or modify the Verilator internals under the terms of\n";
     std::cout << "either the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 or the Perl Artistic\n";
     std::cout << "License Version 2.0.\n";
 
-    std::cout << endl;
+    std::cout << "\n";
     std::cout << "See https://verilator.org for documentation\n";
 }